新疆早铁器时代铁器考古发现概述——兼论新疆的铁器来源与冶铁术的传播问题

The Summary of Archaeological Irons on Early Iron Age of Xinjiang:Discussions on the Iron Source and the Equitation Spread at Xinjiang

新疆早铁器时代初期所出现的铁器并不是本土所产,而是来自西亚、中亚,这与青铜器时代——早铁器时代的希腊人、阿拉伯人、雅利安人、粟特人、高加索人等的相互迁徙、融合、入主新疆有一定的关系。铁器最初从西亚进入中亚地区以后,在一段时间内,铁器文化并未在新疆落地生根,更谈不上经新疆自西向东沿河西走廊向中原传播。早铁器时代铁器在新疆的使用过程,并不代表冶铁术在新疆的传播过程。新疆早铁器时代上限可定在公元前1000年左右,下限可定在公元前2世纪。铁镞作为战争武器与狩猎工具中的主要消耗品,其大量出现的年代应作为冶铁术在新疆诞生的下限时间。冶铁术在新疆的出现应始于公元前500年左右,相当于中原地区的春秋晚期。

The irons on early iron age of Xinjiang are not native product, but are transited from West Asia, Central Asia, that was mattered for which The Greeks, Arabs, Aryan, Sogdian, Caucasian and other ethnic migrated, mutual fusion, into Xinjiang during the Bronze Age from early Iron Age. In a period of time, the iron culture is not falling to the ground in Xinjiang after the iron originally spread from West Asia into Central Asia. Even not to mention the spread from Xinjiang to central China by west to east along the Hexi Corridor, on early iron age, the iron in the use process of Xinjiang did not represent the equitation spread process in Xinjiang. The early iron age upper limit can be set in the 1000 BC, the lower bound can be set in the second century BC in Xinjiang. The iron arrowheads as main consumables in a weapon of war and hunting tools, that a large emergence number of times should be as equitation was born in Xinjiang’s lower limit of time. The equitation appeared in 500 BC at Xinjiang, that equivalent to the Late Spring and Autumn period at the central China.