关中地区十六国墓葬出土坐乐俑的时代与来源——十六国时期墓葬制度重建之管窥

Research on the Age and Origin of Figurines of Sitting Musicians Unearthed from Tombs in Sixteen Kingdoms Period in Guanzhong Region:A Glance at Redesign of Burial System in Sixteen Kingdoms Period

在关中地区十六国时期的墓葬中,曾成组出土一类伎乐俑。其中,具有独特造型与装饰、演奏不同乐器的坐乐俑,对于判断十六国时期墓葬的时代可以起到一定的辅助作用。本文通过对这批坐乐俑伎乐组合形式的讨论,细化关中地区十六国墓葬的年代序列。以此为线索,本文进一步讨论其来源,指出坐乐俑与其相对而出的鼓吹仪仗乐俑是一套完整组合,它是在晋制墓葬发展的背景之下,十六国政权进行墓葬制度重建的一部分,也是在民族融合的背景下,胡族政权统治者重建法统秩序的一种反映。

Jiyue figurines were once unearthed from tombs in Sixteen Kingdoms period in Guanzhong region, among which the figurines of sitting musicians with unique design and decoration as well as different instruments could be helpful to determine when the tombs were specifically built in Sixteen Kingdoms period. Through the discussion over how these figurines of sitting musicians were combined with each other in term of Jiyue, the chronosequence of Sixteen Kingdoms’ tombs in Guanzhong region will be elaborated. Accordingly, the article further investigates the origin of figurines. They, coupled with figurines of ceremonial musicians, constitute an important part of reorganization of Jin Dynasty’s burial system by Sixteen Kingdoms, and also reflect that rulers of Hu nationality regime made great efforts to reconstruct legal system against the backdrop of national amalgamation.