陕西神木石峁城址后阳湾地点出土人骨研究

Research on Neolithic Skeletons from Houyangwan Site of Shimao City in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province

后阳湾地点位于石峁城址的东北部,是石峁城址的居住区。该地点出土的2例成年男性、4例成年女性和1例婴儿即为本文研究的对象。他们从种族特质上看,更接近亚洲蒙古人种的东亚类型。下肢骨的分析显示后阳湾人群拥有相对扁平的股骨和胫骨,可能是长期劳作的结果。古病理观察没有发现龋齿,除了个体少的原因外,推测石峁城居民食物结构中植物性食物所占比例较小。发现一例成年女性患有峡部裂,或许是经常从事强度过大的劳动造成的结果。

In this article, the human skeletons are unearthed from Houyangwan site of Shimao City,in Shenmu county, Shaanxi province. It counts 7 people, including of 2 men, 4 women and an infant.The morphological features of crania show that the racial type is closely related to the modern East Asiatic Mongoloids. An analysis of limbs shows that the people have platymeric type femur, platymeric type or mesocnemic type tibia and stout humerus. It hints that Shimao people were engaged in heavy labor, such as the porters. The ancient pathology reveals that there have no dental caries in Shimao people. It means that the diet of Shimao people had low proportion of plant. A young woman suffered from Spondylolys, which was probably caused by the heavy labor.