国内若干考古遗址出土小豆(Vigna angularis)遗存的初步考察

The Preliminary Analysis of Adzuki(Vigna)Remains from Archaeological Sites in China

考古遗址出土的植物遗存对于研究农作物的起源、栽培和驯化具有重要意义。本文依据国内若干考古遗址出土的小豆炭化遗存和淀粉粒遗存,初步探讨小豆在古代的栽培、驯化和利用情况。小豆炭化种子从新石器时代末期到唐宋时期都有发现,其尺寸呈现逐渐变大的趋势。综合小豆炭化遗存和淀粉粒遗存的发现表明,小豆自新石器时代早期就被利用,新石器时代末期部分小豆种子开始显示出人为干预栽培的特征。到商周时期,小豆的栽培和驯化持续进行,并很可能已成为当时农作物体系中的重要组成部分,但此时小豆种子仍显示出一定的野生特征。秦汉到唐宋时期,由于农业耕作技术的进步,小豆种子像大豆一样开始向大粒型发展,种子粒型呈现多样化,小豆的驯化进入了新的阶段。

Archaeological plant remains would play an important role in investigating the origin of crops. In this paper, the evolution and utilization of adzuki( Vigna angularis) will be discussed based on the new data from carbonized remains and starch grain residues of this bean in China. The carbonized seeds from late Neolithic to Tang and Song Dynasties showed a gradually increasing trend in size. According to the charred and starch remains of adzuki, this plant has been utilized since the late Neolithic Period.Adzuki seeds from Longshan culture still maintained wild characteristics. The seeds from Shang and Zhou Dynasties are between wild and domesticated adzuki, but this crop was probably already an component of crop system during this period. The seeds from Tang and Song Dynasties were evolved to bigger size due to the development of agricultural cultivation technology. The shape of adzuki was diverse and the evolution of this bean could have come into a new stage during Tang and Song Dynasties.