唐代幽州墓志铭中的迁葬现象

Research on the Phenomenon of Moving Graveyard in the Tang Dynasty Mainly on Epitaphs of Youzhou

幽州地区在隋唐时期的地位多变,国力强势时,为开疆拓土的经略之地;国力衰微时,则为军事防守的要地;多数时期,充任中央政府经营东北的前沿。在已经刊布的唐代幽州地区墓志铭中,部分墓志铭存在着迁葬的记载。此前有学者关注过唐人死后迁葬两京的现象,但唐代幽州地区的墓志铭反映出不同的区域社会特征。尤其是安史之乱后,幽州镇逐渐成为河北三镇的文化中心,士人北走河朔成为唐代后期的典型文化特征。随着割据程度的加深,幽州地区出现了'官于燕地,因家徙此,遂为蓟人'的现象。墓主人或为驻守北地的将领,或为担任幽州辖区州县的官员,或为入朝蕃将的后裔,或为随子(孙)而迁的女性。即使如异乡异族的丧葬礼俗,也深刻反映出汉化程度的加深,以及对于幽州的向心力和籍贯认同度有了明显的提高。

Youzhou 幽州 played a different role in the Tang Dynasty. When the nation was strong, it helped exploiting the boundary; when the nation was weak, it helped defending and guard; in the most time, it was the foremost position of managing the northeast China. Some epitaphs recorded the phenomenon of moving graveyard in the published epitaphs of Youzhou 幽州 Scholars have been concerned about this phenomenon of moving graveyard in the two capitals, but Youzhou 幽州 has several different social characteristics in the Tang Dynasty. Especially after An-shi Rebellion,Youzhou 幽州 gradually became the city of Hebei cultural center, more officials and scholars gathering become a typical cultural characterristic of the late Tang Dynasty. With the deepening of separatism, Youzhou 幽州 appeared "the officers settled and worked in Youzhou, then they became hanization 汉化".Maybe they are generals stationed in the north, maybe they are the officials, maybe they are the descendants of Fanjianga番将, maybe they are women living with descendants. Even the funeral custom of ethnic minority, it reflects the degree of hanization 汉化,Centripetal force for Youzhou 幽州 and native identity become obvious.