清同治、光绪年间新疆地方汉团的发展成因及其历史价值探微

The Historical Value and Cause of Xinjiang Local Han Group’s Development in Tongzhi,Guangxu Period of Qing Dynasty

清朝同治、光绪年间,新疆地方汉族民众为避乱求生,自发形成了一些或大或小的武装组织。徐学功、赵兴体、高四、孔才、张和,等等,都是这一时期著名的汉团头领。19世纪六七十年代新疆社会整体上处于失序状态,在北疆特殊的自然地理环境里,汉团武装有存在和发展的充分空间。从深层次上讲,这些汉团之所以出现,得益于清廷长期推行的各种移民实边措施。这些武装的存在,足以表明新疆汉族移民群体有结团自卫的意识和能量。他们的发展与壮大,维护了民族团结,加强了抵御外侮的国防实力,是促进边疆安宁和国家统一不可或缺的重要力量。

In Tongzhi, Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Xinjiang local Han nationality in order to survive, formed some large or small armed militias by themselves. Xu Xuegong, Zhao Xingti, Gao Si,Kong Cai,Zhang He and so on, are famous leader of these militias. During this period, Xinjiang society as a whole in disorder, in the special natural and geographical environment, these militias have sufficient space for the existence and development of themselves. From the deep sense, these people also benefited from the long-term implementation of the various immigrant measures of Qing Dynasty. During this period, the vigilante exists,enough to show that the immigrant population of Han nationality in Xinjiang has a self-defense consciousness and energy. Their development and growth, maintained the national unity, strengthened the real strength of national defense to resist foreign aggression, is an important and indispensable force in promoting peaceful frontier and national unity.