良朋相与志春秋——《蒙古游牧记》成书考

Textual Research on the Edition,Author and Formation Background of Meng’gu Youmu Ji

中国西北边疆史地学,以祁韵士、徐松为创始,蔚为风潮于嘉道之际,已然成为清代学术史与地理学史研究的共识。作为学科标志的西北史地著作,多由未亡的同志和朋友编纂遗稿,续补未竟,刊刻印行,“续成”成了这一学科著作流传的常态。这一学科的中坚人物张穆,一生似乎都在忙碌师友的著作编辑、出版。他的西北史地力作《蒙古游牧记》十六卷,十年心力,也是得到何秋涛再度十年校补、续成之后,由祁寯藻集资刊成。张穆曾经撰联“驽马定应勤十驾,良朋相与志春秋”,正是这种对于自身勤奋的鼓励、对于同道相互支持的期许,成就了他们心中的名山事业。本文钩稽嘉道之际西北史地学续书的过程,并以流散在海外的《蒙古游牧记》稿本为中心,集中描述其成书在撰述、续补、刊印等不同阶段的艰辛历程,旨在彰显一个自发的学术共同体如何保障了一个学科的薪火相传。

In the field of academic history of the Qing Dynasty, it is a common view that the historical geography on the Northwest frontier of China originated by Qi Yunshi and Xu Song and flourished during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods. Most works on history and geography in Northwest China which as the symbol of the subject were published after the authors’ deaths and the manuscripts of these works were edited, supplemented, completed and printed by the authors’ friends and colleagues, which became the normality of this field. Zhang Mu, the key person of this academic field, seemed to be busy with editing and publishing works of his teachers and friends during his lifetime. Be of an identical nature, his representative work Meng’gu Youmu Ji, contains 16 volums, takes him ten years’ e ffort,was also complemented and finished by He Qiutao and published by Qi Junzao who raised funds to print it. Zhang Mu once wrote an antithetical couplet "Inferior horses keep moving forward to catch up fine horses; Like-minded friends hold together to write out historical books" and from this it can be seen that they have achieved their ideal which called an author’s works destined for posterity by encouraging themselvies and supporting each other. This paper, in light of the manuscript version of Meng’gu Youmu Ji which has been found overseas and its formation stages of writing, enlarging, printing, etc., examines the completion process of the works of historical geography on the Northwest China during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, in order to manifast how a spontaneous academic community to ensure that the cultural tradition and acdemic achievements of the subject can be passed down.