“亲贵之政”与“羯族之政”——试论石勒集团内部变迁的两个面相

“Noblemen in power” and “Jie in power”——Study on two sides of the change of Shi Le’s Group

纵观石勒集团的发展史,永嘉四年至五年的“葛陂之役”和太和三年石勒称天王是其中两个重要的转折点。“葛陂之役”前,石勒主要倚重的是以“十八骑”为核心的旧将群体。此后,以石虎、程遐为代表的亲贵势力开始在石勒集团中逐渐占据显要位置,但旧将群体依旧被委以重任。而在石勒称天王后,旧将群体则集体淡出军政舞台,代之而起的则是一批与石勒关系密切的石姓将领。这样的变化,一方面凸显出石勒“退功臣而进亲贵”的意图;另一方面,也反映出石勒对于构建宗族、族群的渴望与努力。而后者又从侧面道出了石勒-后赵政权凝聚方式的特殊性。

Throughout the history of the development of Shi Le’s group,"the battle of Ge Pi(310-311 AD) " and "Shi Le becoming ‘Tian Wang’" are two turning points. Before the "the battle of Ge Pi",some old generals, for example "Shi Ba ji", are central members in Shi Le’s group. But then, noblemen’s force led by Shi Hu and Cheng Xia gradually start to dominate. Meanwhile, those old generals still be entrusted with important posts. However, many new generals surnamed "Shi" replace the old in army after Shi Le becoming "Tian Wang".The change shows that Shi Le want to replace the old generals with noblemen,and his effort and desire to build his own clan and ethnicity. The latter can also shows the particularity in the process of the foundation of Shi Le’s group.