“存教易政”:清末西藏地方政治制度改革研究

“Preserve Religion and Change its Politics” :The Research on Reform of Tibetan Local Political System in the late Qing Dynasty

近代以来,随着国势的日益衰微,清政府逐步调整了乾隆年间所确定的西藏地方政治制度,将驻藏大臣所拥有的部分重要权力下放给西藏地方政府,而这导致在近代西方殖民势力的侵逼之下,清政府越来越难以对西藏地方行使有效统治。因此,以“存其教而易其政”、“收回政权”为核心内容的西藏政治制度改革纳入清末整顿西藏事务的视野。清政府在不明确宣布废除政教合一制度的情况下,试图将内地行省制度的治理模式逐步挪移至西藏,达到政教分离、收西藏利权于中央,进而巩固西藏主权的目的。

With the decline of national power, the Qing Dynasty gradually adjusted the local political system in Tibet, which was established in Qianlong years. The Qing government put some important power of Ambans to the local government of Tibet, which finally caused loosing control of the local government of Tibet, in consideration of the invasion of the Western Colonists. Therefore, Qing Dynasty carried out the Policies of "Preserving religion and changing its politics"policy and " Reclaim the power" to Tibet political system,and put it into scope of rectifying Tibetan affairs. The Qing government did not declare explicitlythe abolition of the political and religious system, tried to implement the governance model of the the provincial system in Tibet, and to achieve the separation of church and state, centralised the right in central governmentin order to consolidate the sovereignty of Tibet.