大小金川土司婚姻问题探究——基于清代档案文献的考察

A Study of Marriage of Chu Chen and Btsan Iha Tusies Based on the Archives of the Qing Dynasty

在前现代社会,婚姻与家庭往往被看作世俗生活的承载与希望,既要受到地方社会习俗的制约,也是地方传统文化传承的载体。在300多年前僻处川西北一隅的大小金川土司地区的婚姻状况亦可作如是观。笔者以《军机处录副奏折》《金川档》等清代档案文献为依据,结合前辈学者对两金川所在的嘉绒藏族地区婚姻问题的研究成果,对大小金川土司的婚姻问题进行探究,发现两金川土司在选择婚姻对象时既受传统习俗制约,也尝试寻找补救途径以满足自身情感需要,同时为巩固和扩展自身势力,两金川土司通过选择婚姻对象,积极构建政治权力关系网络,力求在与周边嘉绒土司的权力争夺中实现利益最大化。不过,以此方式建立的嘉绒土司之间的政治婚姻联盟并不是稳定不变的,而是会因各土司势力的消长而处于变化之中。

In the pre-modern society, marriage and family were always seen as the carrier and the hope of secular life, constrained by local social customs, but also being as the carrier of traditional culture heritage. More than three hundred years ago, we can throw the same concept on the Jinchuan Tusi(Tibetan Chu chen and Btsan Iha) area of the northwest Sichuan. We fine that Jinchuan Tusies how to choose marriage partners limited by traditional customs, and they also tried to find remedial ways to meet their r \ emotional needs, meanwhile, they actively built networks of political power relations through the choice of marriage partners, striving to compete to the power toast to protect their own interests to the maximize, by exploring the marriage issue of Jinchuan tusi based on the archives of the Qing Dynasty and other scholars’ related research results of Jiarong Tibetan area. However, the political marriage alliance between tusies established in this way is not stable, but is subject to the change of the strength of tusies.