从保甲制度在寺院的实施看国民政府在甘南藏区的施政——以档案资料为讨论基点

View on the Administration in Gannan Tibetan Region of National Government of Republic of China from the Implementation of the Bao-Jia system in Temples

民国时期,国民政府推行的保甲制度对甘南藏族地区亦产生了深刻影响。当时在卓尼这样的政教合一制度沿袭已久、土司制度根深蒂固的地带,实施保甲制度是举步维艰的。卓尼禅定寺的寺主杨丹珠曾于1944年7月呈文甘肃省政府,请求取消寺院僧人编制保甲,豁免僧人服役纳税。甘肃省政府以国民政府所颁布的实施保甲制的文件中有'任何人或任何机关均不能例外'的规定为由,回绝了禅定寺免于保甲的请求,但承诺寺僧的纳税支差可酌情减免。保甲制度从本质上讲具有浓厚的封建主义性质,其反动性是显而易见的,但甘肃省政府的回复传达的是国民政府排除困难、坚决实施保甲制度的决心,实际上也宣示了中央政府在藏区实行改革的勇气。

During the period of the Republic of China, the Bao-Jia system carried out by national government had a profound impact on Gannan Tibetan region. At that time, it was difficult to carry out the Bao-Jia system in areas such as Zhuo Ni, where the unification of politics and religion had been established for a long time and the Tusi system was deeply rooted. Yang Danzhu, Khenpo of Chanding Temple in Zhuo Ni, proposed to the Gansu provincial government in July 1944,requesting the Bao-Jia system should be canceled, and service and taxation should be exempted. The government of Gansu Province rejected the request for exemption from Chanding Temple because the document issued by the national government claimed, 'No one or any agency can be an exception',but it promised the relief of tax on the monks as appropriate. In essence,the Bao-Jia system has a strong nature of feudalism and its reactionary nature is obvious. But the reply of the Gansu provincial government conveyed the determination of the national government to exclude difficulties and resolutely implement the Bao-Jia system. In fact, it also proclaims the courage of the central government to carry out reform in Tibetan region.