清代西藏噶伦丹津班珠尔的内地之旅

The Desired Realm: b Ka’ blon s Tan ’dzin dpal ’byor’s Beijing Journey

有清一朝,西藏在政教文化上与内地有紧密的联系,西藏僧俗阶层因朝贡、商旅、朝圣等各种原因,频繁来往于汉藏之间,但不可否认藏人尤其是西藏的世俗阶层有关内地的描述十分罕见,噶伦丹津班珠尔是一个特例。噶伦丹津班珠尔出生于西藏赫赫有名的噶锡家族,因在廓尔喀战争中获罪,被乾隆提调北京讯问,因此丹津班珠尔一行从尼泊尔出发,经四川、陕西、直隶到达北京,然后又从北京经陕西、甘肃返回西藏。关于此次汉地之行,丹津班珠尔在他的著作《多仁班智达传》中留下了丰富的记载。本文将依据《多仁班智达传》的记载,分析一个西藏贵族的汉地见闻,以期再现一个拥有西藏背景书(Background book)的世俗贵族如何看待自己的内地之旅。

During the Qing dynasty,Many Tibetan people came down to Beijing because of paying tribute,commerce,trade,pilgrimage and so on.However,there is few records about their journey except b Ka’blon stan’dzin dpal’byor.As a descent of a famous aristocrat family,because of Gorkha War,he was taken to Beijing for interpellation under the Emperor QianLong’s orders.So he leaved from Nepal,through Sichuan,Shaanxi and Zhili came to Beijing,then after half a year,he departed from Beijing,through Shaanxi and Qinghai returned to Lhasa.Concerning the Beijing journey,his autobiography book r Do ring pan ti ta’i rnam thar has lots of records.This paper will reappear what he sees and hears,and analyze how a secular aristocracy had a Tibetan'background book'regarding the inland of Qing.