“唐古特”的意涵演变及其史学价值——以清代西藏地方志为中心的考察

The Records about “Tangut” in Tibetan Local Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty and Its Data Value

在清代史籍中,'唐古特'是一个出现频次较高的重要词语,其意涵在不同的文献中有着相异的表述。何以至此,学术界对之虽有关注但尚存争议。清代西藏地方志对'唐古特'有着比较翔实的记载,这为我们厘清'唐古特'的意涵演变提供了可贵的文献史料和新的研究视角。梳理并探究这些差别表述可以发现,'唐古特'是一个兼具地域与族属称谓的称谓,其意涵演变主要表现在指代范围由泛指青、藏地区发展为专称西藏地区,而这一变化过程又与清廷对藏区重要性的认识及治藏力度不断加大的历程相呼应。清代西藏地方志以其特殊的史料系统,从独特的视角对'唐古特'所作的诸多连续性和时代性的记载,其史学价值不言而喻。

'Tangut'is a very complex and important concept in the Qing dynasty. So far,there is no clear answer to its exact meaning and usage in academic circles. It is noteworthy that the Tibetan local chronicles of the Qing dynasty have a rather detailed record of 'Tangut',which provides us with a new research perspective. On the basis of a comprehensive review and analysis of these records,the article holds that the use of 'Tangut' in the Qing dynasty had a relatively complex process of development and evolution. The special inheritance system and unique historical data system constructed by these epochal and continuous records in Tibetan local chronicles of the Qing dynasty provide us with precious historical literature resources for the study of Tibetan history in the Qing dynasty.