建构“公民—民族—宗教”间的“叠合认同”——以基督教与伊斯兰教的对话为例

Constructing Adhesive Identity of Citizenship,Nationality and Religion——Focusing on Dialogue between Christianity and Islam

宗教对话是宗教界、学术界开展同一宗教内部不同派别之间、不同宗教信仰之间以及宗教与其他意识形态之间沟通、交流的活动。一般而言,宗教对话可分为教内对话、教际对话、圣(宗教)俗(社会)对话乃至宗教交往几个层面。本文所论耶伊对话,在强调宗教教义对话层面或宗教组织之间沟通活动的同时,亦特别关注以宗教信徒的行为及其所构成的交往关系,注重宗教之间交往互动的社会形式,注重考察基督教与伊斯兰教之间是否存在真实交往的可能性和社会空间。在此基础上探讨基督教与伊斯兰教交往的社会及公共性特征,建构一种与宗教对话并行不悖的"宗教交往论"。最重要的是在民族与宗教信仰方式之间建构和重构国家认同、公民认同、民族与宗教认同,将三种认同叠合在一起,同时又不丧失任一认同的固有特征,成就一种"公民——民族——宗教"之间的"叠合认同"方式。

Religious dialogue is an activity of communication and interaction among different schools within a religion,among different religions,and between religions and other ideologies in the field of religions or academy.Generally speaking,religious dialogues include intra-religion dialogues,inter-religion dialogues,dialogues between religions and secular world,and religious communications.The Christianity-Islam dialogue in this article stresses dialogues concerning religious teachings and inter-religion communication,and also pays attention to behavior of religious believers and their communicative relationship,attaches great importance to the social form of inter-religion communication and interaction,and investigating the possibility and social space whether there are real communications between Christianity and Islam.Based on this,the article discusses social and public features of Christianity-Islam communications,tries to construct a theory of religious communication compatible with religious dialogues.The key is to construct and reconstruct national identity,citizen identity,and ethnic and religious identity to bridge nationalities and religious belief.We should integrate these three identities into one,still maintain the original features of each identity,and develop a form of adhesive identity of citizenship,nationality and religion.