孔子孝政思想推衍的路径逻辑

Road Logic of the Deduction of Confucian Idea of Filial Administration

对一些理解难度较大的《论语》原典章句的解读,合理语境的重构至为重要,最为有效的方法便是以孔证孔,即以孔子自己的言行进行合理地推断和证明。在孔子的思想中,人伦之孝与家国之政至关重要,引孝入政更是创举。孟氏作为鲁国三桓之一,其家庭成员身份特殊,既是父子人伦中的子一辈,也是爵位继承人。由此分析孔子与孟氏的系列对话,一方面揭示了"三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣"的真正意旨,一方面发现了孔子从人伦父子之孝到君臣上下之政的路径逻辑。以孝观人、选才,尧首开先例,将孝亲、孝政发展为系统的持家、治国理念,则是孔子的贡献。该思想博大精深,《论语》很多章节都有阐述,关涉到志、行、礼、智、仁、道以及祭祀、隐、耻等问题。综合分析,窥得孔子一以贯之的孝道思想,即由孝亲之孝发展为孝政之孝,二者表现有别,精神一致,孝是德行之一种,孝政亦是德政的有机组成部分。

For the interpretation of some difficulty quotes from The Analects of Confucius,reconstruction of reasonable context is the key.The best way is justifying Confucian ideas by Confucius,that is,reasonably deduce and justify it with Confucian words and activities.In Confucian ideas,filial duty is very important for the national administration.His innovation is to bring filial duty into administration.As one of the three influential families,Family of Meng,with special identity,was not only one generation of this clan,but also the heir to the throne.Based on this,the analysis of the conversations between Confucius and family of Meng will reveal the true idea of 'fulfilling filial duty in three years is filial duty indeed'.This will also help us see Confucian road logic from a son's filial duty towards his father to that in terms of king and subjects.Emperor Yao started the tradition of talents selection through the consideration of filial duty.It was Confucius who promoted this into a systematic idea for keeping house and national administration.This is a profound idea.In the Analects of Confucius,many chapters are about filial duty,it guides one's ambition,behavior,rites,wisdom,benevolence,morals,sacrifice offering,latency,sense of shame,etc.in a word,Confucian idea of filial duty is the main theme,the filial duty to one's parents develops into that to one's king.Though different in forms,they are actually same in spirit;filial duty is one of morals.Filial administration is part of moral administration.