民族风俗习惯与刑事法律适用冲突及其消解——以湖南湘西自治州土家族、苗族为例

Contradictions and Clearing up of Ethnic Folk Customs and the Application of Criminal Laws——Case Study of Tujia and Miao Nationalities in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan

由刑法"帝王原则"罪刑法定的形式侧面无疑得出刑事法律禁止、排斥少数民族风俗习惯的推论,但不可否认的是,风俗习惯仍具有强大生命力,甚至存在和刑事法律竞争、博弈之势。以湖南湘西为例,从整体刑法学角度将刑法与刑事诉讼法两个维度相结合,在传统刑法理论高压下,分析民族风俗习惯与刑法冲突之困境及民族地区刑事司法模式之弊端,以此为基础开辟新的冲突消解路径:承认民族风俗习惯出罪机能与设立新型民族专门法院(庭)。在不涉及修法的"法律预留空间"内通过刑事实体法与程序法的合力作用,以期消解民族风俗习惯与刑事法律之间的紧张与冲突,达成一般正义与个体正义的平衡,使司法正义得以伸张,少数民族人权得以保障,从而达到真正的"民族自治"。

The crime of ' Emperor Principle' in Criminal Laws can indirect infer that criminal las prohibit and resisting ethnic folk customs.Undoubtedly,folk customs is still very strong,and even competes with criminal laws.Based on Xiangxi Prefecture in Hunan,the article tries combine two dimensions of criminal laws and criminal action from full perspective of the study of criminal laws.Under the framework of traditional criminal laws,the article analyzes the contradiction dilemma of ethnic folk customs and criminal laws,and the disadvantages of criminal and jurisdiction modes in ethnic inhabited regions.Based on this,we try to find a new path to dispel these contradictions:accepting the punishment function of ethnic folk customs and establishing new court for ethnic purposes.While not involving law change,within 'the reserved legal space',the co-play of criminal action entity law and procedure law should be applied so as to dispel the tension and contradiction of ethnic folk customs and criminal law,achieve the balance of general justice and individual justice,realize the jurisdiction justice,guarantee the human rights of ethnic minorities and realize the real 'ethnic autonomy'.