清代广东省衙门档案中的一件寺院账目考——兼及清末佛教寺院经济构成与社会功能让渡

On a Temple Account in the Archives of Guangdong Provincial Yamen in Qing Dynasty——Discussing Economic Structure of Temples and the Transferring of Social Functions in Late Qing Dynasty

清代广东省衙门档案中一件名为"一间修道院的财政账目"的档案,实为未知其名的寺院的财务档案,其中的财务记录体现了道光三十年该寺院以经忏为主的寺院经济结构。档案中的敦仁馆与光绪五年广州爱育善堂管理的敦仁馆实为一处,这为证明该间寺院有可能为长寿寺提供了证据。此件档案所反映的是晚清广州佛教寺院经济的一个片段,敦仁馆经营权的转让也反映了组织薄弱、经济匮乏的寺院和僧人在慈善事业中参与度的降低乃至缺位,更是佛教寺院社会功能变迁的写照。

The archive named'Financial Accounts of a Monastery'which belongs to Guangdong Provincial Yamen in Qing Dynasty was actually a financial archive of an unknown temple,showing the temple’s economic structure during the 30 years of Daoguang is dominated by'the repentance and chanting ritual'.The Dunren Guan,mentioned in the archive,is the same as the Dunren Guan,which is managed by Aiyushan Tang of Guangzhou during five years of Guangxu which proves that this temple is likely to be the Temple of Longevity in Guangzhou.And the transfer of management rights of Dunren Guan also reflects the decline and lack of participation in charity of monks and temples due to weak organization and poor economies,directly representing the weakening of Buddhist societal function.