荒诞境遇中的生存焦虑与精神突围——以《局外人》《鼠疫》为例

Survival Anxiety and Spiritual Breakthrough in Absurd Situations——Based on the Stranger and the Plague

加缪在《西绪福斯神话》中对20世纪人们普遍感受到的"荒诞问题"进行了全面、深刻、具有新意的论述。他的文学创作,描写的都是世界和人的生存环境的荒谬,《局外人》通过莫尔索孤僻、冷漠、与我们所熟悉的社会格格不入的生活状态,展现了世界的荒诞性,并引发人们思考应该如何面对荒诞的处境;在《鼠疫》中,加缪通过里厄及其周围人在鼠疫肆虐时的顽强抗争,共同面对"恶"的永恒性,从而完成了他从认识荒诞到觉醒,从个人反抗到集体反抗的哲理思想演变。加缪关于荒诞的思考,在哲学上,深受克尔凯郭尔、尼采、雅斯贝尔斯等人的影响,而在文学渊源上,加缪在陀思妥耶夫斯基那里,找到了他作品中所需要的诸如荒诞感、孤独感、虚无感、无能为力感、负罪感等各种情感特征。

In The Myth of Sisyphus,Albert Camus conducts a comprehensive,in-depth and original discussion of the absurdity prevalently experienced by people in 20 th century.In his literature,all the description is about the absurdity of the world and survival environments.The Stranger,through Mersaul’s unsociability,indifference and ill-adaptation to the society we are familiar,with displays the absurdity of the world and motivates people to ponder how to confront absurd situations.The Plague,through the indomitable fight of Rieux and other people during the plague,indicates the eternality of joint confrontation with'the vice'.He has realized his transfer of philosophical ideas from the recognition of the absurdity to awakening,from individual revolt to group revolt.Philosophically,Camus’reflection on the absurdity is under deep influence of Soren Aabye Kierkegaard,Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche,Karl Theodor Jaspers.As for literary origin,Camus has found,in Fyodor Dostoevsky,emotional features his works needed,such as absurdity,solidarity,nothingness,vulnerability,guilty.