我国高度自动驾驶汽车侵权责任体系之建构

Construction of Highly Autonomous Vehicles' Tort Liability System in China

高度自动驾驶汽车具有三个特征:程序依赖、不完全的机器信任和系统深度学习功能下人机互动所导致的"行为耦合"。也因此自动驾驶技术的发展对传统责任体系构成了一定冲击。对高度自动驾驶汽车驾驶人的责任认定应采取过错推定原则;针对高度自动驾驶汽车的产品缺陷,可以采取合理机动车标准弥补传统的产品缺陷认定标准的弊端,另外也需要重视专家鉴定结论和事件记录仪的证据辅助功能。最后,针对某些情形下责任主体认定的困境,可以通过自动驾驶汽车产品责任保险对损害进行填补,以转嫁自动驾驶汽车本身的行业风险,以鼓励创新、支持自动驾驶行业的发展。

Highly autonomous vehicles(HAV)have three characteristics:program dependence,incomplete machine trust and deep learning function which resulted in'behavioral coupling'under human-computer interaction.Therefore,the development of automatic driving technology has a certain impact on the traditional liability system.The principle of presumption of fault should be adopted in the determination of HAV driver’s liability.In view of the defects of HAV products,'reasonable motor vehicle standards'can be adopted to remedy the drawbacks of the traditional identification standards of product defects.In addition,the expert’s appraisal conclusions and the supporting function of EDR should be emphasized.Finally,as for the predicament identified by the responsible subjects in certain circumstances,we can fill in the damage by the HAV product liability insurance to transfer the business risk of the self-driving vehicle itself,thereby playing a role in encouraging the innovation and supporting the development of the automatic driving industry.