我国恶势力犯罪的基本特点及量刑与法律控制——以刑事判决书为样本的实证分析

The Basic Characteristics,Sentencing and Legal Control of Gang Crimes in China——An Empirical Analysis of Criminal Judgments

恶势力犯罪具有成员相对固定、组织规模较小以及近半数成员有前科劣迹的组织结构特点和实施罪种多元化、侵害法益聚合化的行为特点。同时,恶势力犯罪还具有组织存续时间较短、犯罪事实明确的危害性特点。恶势力犯罪的量刑受是否主犯、是否赔偿或取得被害人谅解、组织存续时间等因素影响,其中犯罪人是否属于主犯、是否赔偿或取得被害人谅解等是影响量刑的主要因素。总体而言,恶势力犯罪量刑的罪刑均衡性较低。受恶势力'标签效应'等因素作用,是否立功、是否自首等因素对量刑的影响微弱。鉴于此,恶势力犯罪的法律控制应坚持打早打小与强化社会支持系统并重的方案,应酌量增加量刑影响因素中的法律成分,并准确评价各项影响因素的权重。

Gang crimes have the characteristics of relatively fixed members,small organization scale and nearly half of the members with criminal records.Its behavior characteristics are diversification of crimes and aggregation of infringement of legal benefits.In addition,gang crimes also have the harmful characteristics with short duration and clear criminal facts.The sentencing of gang crimes is affected by factors such as whether they are ringleaders,whether they compensate or obtain the forgiveness of the victims,and the duration of the organization.Among them,whether the offender is the ringleader,whether to compensate or obtain the victim’s forgiveness are the main independent variables on the sentencing.The sentencing of gang crimes is disproportionate to its seriousness in general.At the same time,due to factors such as the'label effect',the explanatory power of meritorious service and surrender is quite weak.In view of this,the legal control of gang crimes should adhere to the principle of early punishment when it is still a minor one and strengthening the social support system,increase the legal components of the factors affecting sentencing,and accurately evaluate the weight of each influencing factor.