人参根系分泌物的提取及鉴定

Extraction and identification of ginseng root exudates

【目的】鉴定人参根系分泌物中的化学物质,为研究人参化感作用的发生及其连作障碍提供科学依据。【方法】采用灭菌复合基质复配无土栽培人参,对人参根系分泌物进行原位收集,依次用蒸馏水和乙醇提取人参根系分泌物,合并后用有机溶剂萃取,获得水层及有机相石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层,用HPLC和GC-MS检测水层和2层有机相的物质组成。【结果】人参根系分泌物石油醚层中含有1,3-二氧戊环,4-甲基,4-乙基-2-十五烷、乙基柠檬酸、棕榈酸乙酯和二十五烷等20种化合物,其中,烷烃类物质占46.56%,有机酸酯类物质占22.75%,酚酸类物质占13.78%,烷烃衍生物占3.59%,吡喃类物质占5.39%。乙酸乙酯层中含有丁基柠檬酸、邻苯甲二酸二丁酯和单(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯等9种化合物,其中,烷烃类物质占22.77%,有机酸酯类物质占63.71%,酚酸类物质占13.52%。人参根系分泌物水层中含有微量人参皂苷。【结论】采用无土栽培基质可避免人参栽培中微生物的干扰,能很好地培养收集人参根系分泌物,人参根系分泌物中含有人参皂苷及烷烃类物质、有机酸酯类物质和酚酸类物质。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the components in ginseng root exudates to provide scientific basis for investigation of allelopathy and soil sickness of ginseng.【Method】Root exudates were collected in situ from ginseng cultivated with complex sterile matrix substrate.The exudates were extracted with water and ethanol before being extracted by organic solvent to obtain water extract,petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract.HPLC and GC-MS were used to identify the water extract and organic extracts,respectively.【Result】The petroleum ether extract was consisted of 20compounds,including1,3-dioxolan-4-methyl-,4-ethyl-2-pentadecanoic,citric acid ethyl,ethyl palmitate and pentacosane.Hydrocarbons organic acids and esters,phenolic acids,alkane derivatives and pyran accounted for 46.56%,22.75%,13.78%,3.59%,and 5.39%,respectively.Nine compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract,including butyl citric acid,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl),and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.Hydrocarbons,organic acids and esters,and phenolic acids accounted for 22.77%,63.71%,and 13.52%,respectively.Trace amounts of ginsenosides were detected in ginseng root exudates as well.【Conclusion】In ginseng cultivation,ginseng root exudates could be collected using soilless media without the interference of soil microorganisms.Cinseng root exudates are composed of ginsenosides,hydrocarbons,organic acids and esters,and phenolic acids.