花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度的影响

Effects of physiological and agronomic characters on canopy temperature of peanut

【目的】探索花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度的直接和间接影响,为分析不同基因型花生冠层温度差异机理提供参考。【方法】自花生结荚期到收获,应用红外测温仪对12个北方大花生品种的冠层温度进行了连续观测,并测定了花生主茎功能叶片(主茎顶3叶)的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量,收获时调查了分枝数、侧枝长和主茎高等农艺性状,对各生理和农艺性状与冠层温度的关系进行相关分析和通径分析。【结果】12个大花生品种的冠层温度有分异,其中,豫花153的冠层温度最低,开农41的最高。花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度均有强烈影响。生理指标中影响最大的是叶绿素含量,其次是SOD活性、NR活性和可溶性蛋白含量,而CAT活性、MDA含量和可溶性糖含量的影响较小;农艺性状中以主茎高的影响最大,侧枝长和分枝数次之。【结论】花生冠层温度与生理和农艺性状密切相关,生理活性强,植株高、分枝数多,利于冠层温度降低。

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of physiological indexes and agronomic characters on canopy temperature of peanut.【Method】Canopy temperatures of 12 northern large peanut varieties were continuously measured with an infrared radiation thermometer from pod bearing period to harvesting time,and activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and nitrate reductase(NR),and contents of soluble protein,malondialdehyde(MDA),soluble sugar and chlorophyll of the function leaves of peanut caulis were determined.Agronomic characters including branch number,lateral branch length and main axis height were also surveyed at the harvesting time.Then the effects of physiological indexes and agronomic characters on canopy temperature were investigated.【Result】The canopy temperatures of the 12 large peanut varieties were different,and Yuhua 153 had the lowest value while Kainong 41 had the highest value.Physiological indexes and agronomic characters had significant effects on canopy temperature.Chlorophyll content had the greatest impact among physiological indexes,followed by SOD activity,NR activity and soluble protein content,while CAT activity,MDA content and soluble sugar content had less effect.Main axis height had the greatest effect on canopy temperature among agronomiccharacters,followed by lateral branch length and branch number.【Conclusion】Canopy temperature of peanut was closely associated with physiological indexes and agronomic characters.Stronger physiological activity,higher plant and more branches were beneficial to lower canopy temperature.