大棚番茄连续套蒜第3年作物生产和土壤养分分析

Analysis of crop production and soil nutrients after three years tomato/garlic continuous intercropping under plastic tunnel

【目的】研究大棚番茄与大蒜(青蒜)连续套种3年对作物的生物效应和土壤养分含量的影响。【方法】2010-08-2011-07,在塑料大棚内以番茄单作为对照,设番茄套作大蒜和番茄套作青蒜2个处理,在秋茬番茄行间套种大蒜或青蒜,大蒜(青蒜)生长持续到春季,此时定植春茬番茄,分析比较不同模式连续种植第3年时的作物生物效应和土壤养分含量。【结果】与番茄单作相比,套蒜处理对秋茬番茄生长和产量有一定促进作用,并能显著提高其主要品质指标,但套蒜处理对春茬番茄生长和产量有显著的竞争性抑制作用。套作大蒜和青蒜对番茄根结线虫有一定抑制作用,其防病效果在秋茬番茄上分别为54.9%和60.0%,在春茬番茄上分别为34.3%和39.4%。套蒜处理可明显提高秋茬和春茬番茄土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,但对土壤速效钾含量影响效果不同。不同套作模式的年产值不同,套作大蒜和青蒜处理分别较番茄单作增值11.0%和11.9%。【结论】连续套蒜可消减大棚番茄根结线虫病,提高年产值。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous intercropping of tomato with garlic/green garlic for three years under plastic tunnel on crop biology and soil nutrient content.【Method】During August 2010 to July 2011,two treatments namely tomato intercropping garlic and tomato intercropping green garlic were conducted in plastic tunnel taking monoculture tomato as the control.Garlic and green garlic were intercropped in rows of autumn tomato and grew overwinter till spring when spring tomato was transplanted.The crop biological effects and soil nutrient levels were analyzed in the third year of intercropping.【Result】The growth and yield of autumn tomato were improved and the major quality indexes were significantly increased,whereas the growth and yield of the spring tomato were significantly declined owing to the competition with garlic or green garlic.The intercropped garlic and green garlic showed inhibition to nematodes and their disease prevention effects were 54.9%and 60.0%in autumn tomato and34.3% and 39.4%in spring tomato,respectively.The contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly increased in the soil with garlic or green garlic intercropped but the effects on content of available potassium varied.The annually incomes of different cropping patterns were different.Compared to monoculture tomato,incomes from the patterns of tomato/garlic and tomato/green garlic in-creased by 11.0% and 11.9%,respectively.【Conclusion】Continuous intercropping of tomato/garlic or tomato/green garlic decreased incidence of nematodes and increased annual production.