秋季喷肥对红地球葡萄抗寒性的影响

Effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on cold resistance of Red Globe grapes

【目的】研究秋季叶面喷肥对红地球葡萄抗寒性的影响,筛选最佳的秋季叶面肥喷肥配方,为葡萄丰产优质栽培提供支持。【方法】在红地球葡萄果实采收后,用氮肥、磷肥、铁肥、镁肥、钙肥和锌肥配置4种不同的叶面肥,以4种不同叶面肥配方进行秋季叶面喷肥处理,以喷水为对照,各处理均每隔10d喷施1次,共喷施3次。于冬剪时选取一年生枝条作为试验材料,经4,-5,-10,-15,-20,-25℃冷冻处理12h后,采用凯氏定氮法、硫酸钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法、原子吸收分光光度法、蒽酮比色法、电导仪法、氮蓝四唑光还原法等对其营养水平和抗寒指标进行测定,分析秋季叶面喷肥对红地球葡萄贮藏营养及抗寒性的影响。【结果】秋季叶面喷肥处理的一年生枝半致死温度(LT50)为-13.73^-11.86℃,均低于对照。-15℃冷冻处理后,各处理一年生枝抗寒指标的测定值与其4℃测定值相比,相对电导率的增幅为92.13%~129.77%,但均低于对照的增幅(144.14%);各处理一年生枝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的增幅分别为72.25%~110.72%和66.94%~114.46%,除处理1的增幅稍低于对照外,其余处理的增幅分别较对照提高1.36%~19.76%和18.82%~45.81%;各处理一年生枝脯氨酸含量的增幅为185.29%~201.09%,较对照提高29.33%~45.13%。-20℃冷冻处理后,各处理一年生枝的丙二醛(MDA)含量与其4℃测定值相比,MDA含量的增幅为45.40%~69.70%,较对照降低25.24%~49.54%。各喷肥处理一年生枝贮藏的可溶性糖、淀粉、锌、铁、钙分别为243.1~374.1,103.1~237.2,25.44~56.74,29.06~54.58和14.34~18.23g/kg,均高于对照;以对照为基数,对于可溶性糖和淀粉,均以处理3的增幅最大,增幅分别为137.22%和148.90%;对于钙元素和锌元素,均以处理4的增幅最大,增幅分别为36.86%和161.47%;对于铁元素,则以处理3的增幅最大,为95.14%。【结论】结合红地球葡萄抗寒指标和营养分析,不同秋季叶面喷肥配方处理的红地球葡萄一年生枝抗寒性和贮藏营养能力均有明显提高,但与对照和其他处理相比,以处理3(11.5%磷肥+0.6%铁肥+0.6%钙肥;22.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥;32.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥)和处理4(11.5%磷肥+0.6%镁肥+0.5%锌肥;22.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥;32.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥)的喷肥配方对红地球葡萄抗寒性的促进效果最为明显。

【Objective】This paper studied the effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on coldresistance of Red Globe grapes and screened the best formula for spray fertilizer to provide theoretical basis for fertility and cultivation quality of Red Globe grapes.【Method】After the harvest of Red Globe grape fruit,four different formulas of autumn foliar fertilizers were configured with nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,iron fertilizer,zinc fertilizer,calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer.The test prayed clear water was taken as control.Each treatment sprayed every 10 days for 3times.At dormant pruning,oneyear-old canes were selected as test materials and cold resistance indexes and nutrition levels using Kjeldahl determination,molybdenum antimony sulfate resistance,flame spectrophotometry,atomic absorption spectrophotometry,anthrone colorimetry,conductivity meter method,and nitroblue tetrazolium photo-reduction method after 12 hours freezing treatment at 4,5,10,15,20,and 25 ℃,respectively.Then the effect of autumn foliar fertilizers on storage nutrition and cold resistance of Red Globe grapes was analyzed.【Result】Semilethal temperature(LT50)of treatments with autumn foliar fertilizer formulas were-13.73--11.86℃,lower than that of control.Comparing with the measured indexes of cold resistance of one-year-old canes of the treatment at 4 ℃,freezing treatment at-15 ℃ increased relative electrical conductivity(REC)by 92.13%-129.77%,lower than that of control(144.14%);superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities of each treatment of one-year-old canes increased by 72.25%-110.72% and66.94%-110.72%,respectively,in addition to growth of treatment 1which was slightly lower than the control,and 2-4treatments higher than those of the control(1.36%-19.76% and 18.82%-45.81%);proline content of one-year-old canes of each treatment increased by 185.29%-185.29%,29.33%-45.13% higher than that of control.After freezing treatment with-20 ℃,malondialdehyde(MDA)content of one-year-old canes increased by 45.40%-69.70%compared to treatments at 4℃,25.24%-49.54%lower than that of control.After spraying fertilizer to annual shoots,their storages of soluble sugar,starch,zinc,iron and calcium were 243.1-374.1g/kg,103.1-237.2g/kg,25.44-56.74g/kg,29.06-54.58g/kg,and14.34-18.23g/kg,respectively,all were higher than those of control.In contrast to control,the biggest growths of soluble sugar,starch,and iron were in treatment 3by 137.22%,148.90%,and 94.15%,respectively.The largest growth calcium and zinc were 36.86%and 161.47%in treatment 4.【Conclusion】Combining the indexes of cold resistance with the nutrition analysis on red globe grapes,autumn foliar fertilizers significantly increased hardiness and nutrition storage ability of infer annual branches.Treatment 3(1 1.5% phosphorus fertilizer+0.6%iron fertilizer+0.6%calcium fertilizer;22.0% phosphorus fertilizer+2.0%iron fertilizer+1.0% calcium fertilizer;3 2.0%phosphate fertilizer+2.0%iron fertilizer+1.0% calcium)and treatment 4(1 1.5% phosphorus fertilizer+0.6% magnesium fertilizer+0.5% zinc fertilizer;2 2.0% phosphate fertilizer+2.0% magnesium fertilizer+1.0% zinc fertilizer;3 2.0% phosphate fertilizer+2.0% magnesium fertilizer+1.0% zinc fertilizer)had the best effects.