2种人工催花方法对AP番荔枝新梢生长和成花的影响

Effects of two flower forcing treatments on shoot growth and flowering of Annona atemoyaHort cv.African Pride

【目的】研究去顶去叶和短截去叶对AP番荔枝新梢生长、成花等的影响,以进一步了解AP番荔枝成花的生理基础。【方法】以AP番荔枝为试材,在2013-03-30进行去顶去叶和短截去叶2种人工催花处理,测定AP番荔枝不同部位枝条侧芽萌发率、新梢生长量、叶片特性、成花率及碳水化合物含量等指标。【结果】经去顶去叶和短截去叶处理后,枝条顶部去叶节位都有一定的侧芽萌发,但短截去叶处理的侧芽萌芽率显著大于去顶去叶处理。与去顶去叶处理相比,短截去叶处理24d后上部枝条的新梢生长量和叶面积及处理32d后的中、下部枝条新梢生长量均显著减小,处理32d后叶片鲜质量、叶片干质量和比叶重均显著增加,且短截去叶处理24d后上、中、下部枝条的新梢成花率也显著增大。短截去叶处理新梢叶片的可溶性总糖含量在处理24d后显著大于去顶去叶处理,而且其上、中部枝条淀粉含量在处理前16d也较去顶去叶处理显著增加。【结论】短截去叶处理可能通过改变新梢叶片的品质及碳水化合物的含量而促进AP番荔枝更多地成花。

【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to understand the physiology of flower formation in Annona atemoya Hort cv.African Pride and the effects of two flower forcing treatments(decapitation and defoliation or cut-back and defoliation)on new shoot growth and flower formation.【Method】Annona atemoya Hort cv.African Pride was used and two flower forcing treatments were designed in 30 th March,2013.Shoot growth,leaf characteristics,flower formation rate and carbohydrates content in new shoots were measured and analyzed.【Result】There existed a certain amount of axillary bud sprouting in both flower forcing treatments,and that of cut-back and defoliation treatment was significantly higher.Compared with decapitation and defoliation group,the treatment of cut-back and defoliation significantly increased leaf fresh weight,leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight in the new shoots after 32 days treatment,while the new shoot length of middle shoots and basal shoots showed a different tendency.The newshoot length and the leaf area of upper shoots in cut-back and defoliation treatment were abviously lower than that in decapitation and defoliation group 24 days after treatment.The content of soluble total sugar in new shoots of cut-back and defoliation treatment was significantly higher than that in the decapitation and defoliation group 24 days after treatment.In addition,starch contents in leaves at the upper and middle parts of branches 16 days after treatment in cut-back and defoliation treatment were significantly higher than those in decapitation and defoliation group.【Conclusion】Cut-back and defoliation treatment effectively stimulated the flower formation through the alteration of the leaf quality in new shoots and carbohydrates in leaves.