航天搭载对决明SP_1代相关生理及生长特性的影响

Effects of space inducement on biological and growth characteristics of Cassia obtusifolia L.SP_1

【目的】探讨"神舟八号"飞船搭载决明种子SP1代的生物学特性、生理指标及有效成分含量的变化,从SP1代中筛选优良突变株。【方法】以飞船搭载的决明种子SP1为材料,对SP1代田间出苗率、生育期、株高、茎粗、分枝数、荚果数等主要生物学指标进行统计,测定SP1代植株叶片叶绿素含量,并对SP1代种子特性及其有效成分含量进行检测。【结果】飞船搭载的决明种子田间出苗率为24.5%,相比对照(未经飞船搭载)显著降低;SP1代中编号为SP3、SP10、SP25、SP29、SP46、SP47的6株植株的初花、现蕾、盛花等生育期较对照有所提前,其株高、茎粗、冠幅、分枝数、单株荚果数均较对照显著增加,单株产量显著提高;SP1代种子中除SP3、SP29、SP46的电导率升高外,其余种子与对照相比无显著差异;SP10、SP25、SP47叶片的叶绿素含量显著升高,SP1代种子可溶性糖含量无显著变化;橙黄决明素、大黄酚2种有效成分含量除SP25、SP42有所升高外,其他SP1代有效成分含量未发生显著变化。【结论】决明SP1代中编号为SP3、SP10、SP25、SP29、SP46、SP47的6株决明植株为高产突变株,在SP2代可对这6株决明进行重点研究。

【Objective】The study investigated the changes in biological characteristics,biochemical properties and effective components of Cassia obtusifolia L.SP1 after being carried by'Shenzhou 8'spaceship to select useful mutants.【Method】Primary biological traits such as plant height,across diameter,grown width,branch number,and pod number of Cassia obtusifolia L.SP1 after being carried by 'Shenzhou 8'spaceship were measured.The content of chlorophyll,the 1 000-seeds weight and effective components of the seeds were measured.【Result】Germination rate of seeds after being carried by spaceship was24.5%,decreased significantly compared with CK.The flower and bud times of SP3,SP10,SP25,SP29,SP46,and SP47 were earlier than CK.Plant height,across diameter,branch number,pod number,and yield per plant of SP3,SP10,SP25,SP29,SP46,and SP47 increased significantly compared with CK.There was no difference with CK except the conductivities of SP3,SP29,and SP46 increased significantly.Chlorophyll contents in leaves of SP10,SP25,and SP47 increased,while the content of soluble sugar in seeds had no obvious changes.The contents of aurantio-obtusin and chrysophanol had no changes in SP1 seeds except SP10 and SP42.【Conclusion】Plants SP3,SP10,SP25,SP29,SP46,and SP47 were high-yield mutants in SP1,and their second generation plants should be further studied.