柔性智能化喷雾机底盘概念设计方案的确定

Determination of conceptual design scheme for chassis of flexible and intelligent sprayer

【目的】基于复杂农林环境对喷雾机底盘的柔性化和智能化需求,提出了底盘概念设计方案生成和评价方法,为喷雾机底盘概念设计提供方法和理论指导。【方法】在对喷雾机底盘进行功能需求分析的基础上,以功能树形式对底盘进行了功能分解,采用机构综合法对喷雾机底盘分功能原理解进行了创新和综合,并构建底盘形态学矩阵;在集合专家经验的基础上剔除明显不合理的方案解;采用基于模糊数互补判断矩阵的群决策方法进行方案的评价,构建目标规划的数学模型并进行求解,最终确定最佳的设计方案。【结果】获得了喷雾机底盘分功能的多个原理解,其中主要检测功能原理解方案数为25个,主要执行功能原理解方案数为19 683个,经过筛选和综合评定,获得喷雾机底盘整体可行的概念设计方案有3种,经过专家评判,构造模糊区间数互补判断矩阵,通过求解得其排序权重分别为0.27,0.46,0.27,最终确定方案2为最佳方案,即以柴油机作为原动机为液压泵提供动力,驱动车轮马达完成四轮驱动及两轮转向功能;驱动液压缸完成底盘轮距、地隙调整和喷雾系统升降功能;驱动液压马达经圆柱齿轮和圆锥齿轮机构完成底盘工作台旋转功能;借助GPS和电子罗盘完成检测功能。【结论】借助功能原理分析和机构综合法可快速有效生成喷雾机底盘概念设计方案,基于模糊互补判断矩阵的群决策方法可有效消除个人主观偏好对概念设计方案评价结果的影响,这些方法可为喷雾机底盘乃至其他机械产品的概念设计提供理论指导。

【Objective】Generation and evaluation method of conceptual design scheme for sprayer chassis were proposed based on the requirement of flexible and intelligent sprayer chassis under modern complex agricultural environment,which would provide method and theory guidance for conceptual design of sprayer chassis.【Method】Based on the analysis of function-requirements of sprayer chassis,the chassis was functionally decomposed using function tree.The principle solution of chassis partial function was innovated and synthesized by mechanism synthesis method and the morphological matrix was constructed.The unreasonable solutions were removed based on the experiences of experts.The scheme was evaluatedusing the group decision method based on complementary judgment matrix of fuzzy number and the mathematical model of goal programming was established and solved.The optimal design scheme was determined ultimately.【Result】The principle solutions for partial function of sprayer chassis were obtained.The number of the main detection function principle solutions was 25 and the number of main executive function principle solutions was 19 683.Three overall feasible conceptual design schemes of sprayer chassis were selected after screening and comprehensive evaluation.The ranking weights of these three schemes by expert evaluation,constructing complementary judgment matrix of fuzzy number and solving were 0.27,0.46,and0.27,respectively.The scheme 2was recognized as the optimal scheme.For the scheme,wheel motors were driven to complete four wheel drives and two wheel steering functions taking diesel engine as primitive engine and providing power for pump.Chassis tread,clearance adjustment and spray system lifting functions were completed by hydraulic cylinder.Chassis worktable rotating function was completed through cylindrical gear and bevel gear mechanism driven by hydraulic motor.Detection function was completed by using GPS and electronic compass.【Conclusion】Function-principle analysis and mechanism synthesis were fast and effective for generating conceptual design scheme of sprayer chassis and the effect of subjective preference to the evaluation of design scheme was eliminated using group decision method based on complementary judgment matrix of fuzzy number.Theoretical guidance was provided for conceptual design of sprayer chassis and the other mechanical product.