建构意识科学的第一人称方法

Construction of Consciousness Science with the First-person Methods

意识的认知首要性(或超越性)和实在性决定了意识的第一人称方法是全面理解意识本性所不可或缺的。但如何研究这个主观实在,如何建立一个"科学的"第一人称方法,这是当代意识科学面临的一个紧迫的方法论问题。鉴于意识的第一人称方法论研究在最近20多年的发展状况,就此本文简明地回答或阐述如下问题或主题:(1)为什么需要意识的第一人称方法;(2)意识体验何以能自我呈现和自我报告;(3)第一人称方法的"客观性";(4)神经现象学;(5)第一人称方法的类型和操作程序;(6)对第一人称诸方法效度的评估。

The cognitive primacy(or transcendence)and the reality of consciousness determine that the first-person methods are necessary for understanding the nature of consciousness.But how to investigate this kind of subjective reality and how to construct a 'scientific'first-person method,is an urgent methodology problem that modern consciousness science must be faced with.Based on the last 20 years development of the first-person methodology studies,this paper attempts to briefly answer the following questions:1)Why consciousness studies need the first-person methods?2)How could self-presenting and self-reporting of conscious experiences be possible?3) What is the 'objectivity'of the first-person method?4)How about neurophenomenolog?5) What are the types and procedures of the first-person methods?6)What is the validity estimation of the first-person methods.