近代图书分类与新文学的发生

Occurrence of Modern Book Classification and New Literature

中国古代的图书分类法以图书在政治教化上的价值作为分类的根本依据,而忽略了对图书本身客观性质的判断。在经学的遮蔽之下,古代知识体系没有真实地反映出古代文学的创作实践,文学成为一切文献之学,而不能成为一个独立的学术门类。近代以来,在现代知识形态建构的过程中图书分类方法一改传统的图书价值分类标准,而以现代的科学精神为指导进行图书分类。在学术分科原则的基础之上,文学不再是一个边界模糊的词汇,而成为代表独立的知识领域的专有名词,体现出了独特的学术价值。自此,近代图书分类法在知识体系的认知层面为新文学的发展扫清了观念上的障碍,现代意义上的文学观念建立起来,文学开始走上独立发展的道路。

The value of the books from political education is regarded as a fundamental basis for the book classification in ancient China,but it neglects the judgment of the objective nature of the book itself.Under the shadow of the Confucian Classics,the ancient knowledge system did not truly reflect the creative practice of ancient literature,and the literature became the 'study reference'which was not able to become an independent academic category.In modern times,with promoting the process of modern knowledge,the criteria of the classification method based on the traditional value of the books has been changed,while the modern scientific spirit are accepted as the direction for the book classification.Based on the principle of academic subject,literature is no longer a vague vocabulary on the academic frontier.Instead,it is a proper noun that stands for an independent knowledge field and reflects unique academic values.Since then,the new method of the modern book classification has cleared the barriers based on the idea of people in the cognitive level of the knowledge system for the development of the new literature,so the concept of literature in the modern sense has been established,which leads to an independent development road for the literature.