学生学习成绩和学习能力影响因素之研究——四个维度的分析框架初探

A Study of the Factors Affecting Students' Learning Achievement and Learning Ability——A Preliminary Analytical Framework of Four Dimensions

学习成绩及学习能力是一种极其复杂的社会现象,需要多视角多维度的分析。从社会学的综合性视角出发,在复原社会事实本身和实证调查的基础上,提出了全面分析学习成绩和学习能力的四个维度,即学生个人的维度、家庭的维度、学校的维度和社会的维度。学习能力当然是影响成绩的直接因素,培养学生"内源性动机"是提升学习能力的重中之重,核心在于建立学生的学习兴趣、乐趣和信心,家庭教育和学校教育都应围绕这一核心要点。社会舆论应尽量避免唯成绩论,以抵制影响学生正常成长的"社会焦虑",形成正确的社会评价价值观。

Academic performance and learning ability are complex social phenomena,which needs multi-perspective and multi-dimensional analysis.From the comprehensive perspective of sociology,this paper attempts to restore the social facts themselves.On the basis of empirical investigation,this paper puts forward a comprehensive analysis of the four dimensions of academic achievement and learning ability,which consist of students’individual,family,school and society.Learning ability is of course the direct factor affecting their learning achievement.This paper holds that cultivating students’intrinsic motivation is the most important factor in improving learning ability.The core is to build students’interest and confidence.Family education and school education should focus on this core point.Public opinion should try to avoid achievement-oriented tendency,resist'social anxiety'which affects students’normal growth,and form correct social evaluation values.