《庄子·齐物论》札记三则——“齐物论”解题、“不亡以待尽”与“吾待蛇蚹蜩翼邪”

Some Interpretations on Zhuangzi·Qiwulun

(1)"齐物"在先秦秦汉古籍中出现多次,但"物论"一次都没有出现。篇题"齐物论"应当读作"齐物—论",而不应当读作"齐—物论",或"齐物、齐论"。《齐物论》古人或称《齐物》,因此将"齐物论"改称为"论齐物",这也是不对的。另外,"齐物论"的属读及庄生"齐物"之义,王叔岷已有颇为清楚的梳理。(2)《齐物论》"不亡以待尽"的"亡"字,乃"匕(化)"字之讹,二字形近,并有多条书证。刘师培说是。有人认为《齐物论》作"不亡"与《田子方》作"不化"两可,这是不对的。(3)古今注释多认为《齐物论》作"蛇蚹、蜩翼"与《寓言篇》作"蛇蜕、蜩甲"两可,其实这是不正确的。"蚹"为蛇腹下横鳞,其说起自魏晋注家,但未必正确。《秋水篇》明言蛇"无足",又云"予动吾之脊胁而行",可知将"蛇蚹"解为"蛇腹下横鳞可行者",很难说是正确的。"蚹"其实为"蜕"字之误,二字形近。"甲"字在古文字中有两种写法,其中一种写法非常繁难,抄书者或不识此字,故误释为"異"字,进而写作"翼"字。总之,"蛇蚹"为"蛇蜕"之误,"蜩翼"为"蜩甲"之误。

This paper discussed Zhuangzi·Qiwulun from the following 3 points.(1)The chapter title'Qiwulun齐物论'should be read as'Qiwu-Lun齐物-论'rather than'Qi-Wulun齐-物论'or'Qiwu-Qilun齐物\齐论'.Sometimes the ancients called the'Qiwulun'chapter of the Zhuangzi as'Qiwu齐物',so it is inappropriate to rename'Qiwulun'to'Lunqiwu论齐物'.(2)The character'wáng亡'in the sentence'Its parts do not fail to perform their functions till the end comes'of the'Qiwulun'chapter is the mistaken form of'huà匕/化(Change)',and the forms of which are close to each other.(3)The chapter'Qiushui秋水'clearly states that the snake has'no feet'and'get along by moving my backbone and ribs',which illustrates that it is not appropriate to explain'shéfù蛇蚹'as'horizontal scale under the snake’s belly that takes the place of its feet'.Probably,'shéfù蛇蚹'is the mistake of'shétuì蛇蜕',while the'tiáoyì蜩翼'is the mistake of'tiáojiǎ蜩甲'.