干旱区水面蒸发特性及消减技术研究

Research on characteristics and reduction technology of water surface evaporation in arid area

根据现代节水灌溉兵团重点试验站Φ20 cm蒸发器、E601型蒸发器和20 m2蒸发池的蒸发实测资料分析了各蒸发器间的蒸发特性及其折算系数的年内变化规律,得到了水面蒸发折算系数在非冰期呈逐月增大趋势。同时对各蒸发器蒸发量进行相关性分析,得出20 m2-E601蒸发量相关系数为0.996,20 m2-Φ20 cm蒸发量的相关系数为0.978,两者相关性均显著。该结果可供玛纳斯河流域水量平衡研究、水资源评价和生态需水计算时参考。同时鉴于我国西北干旱地区降水量少、蒸发量大,试验采取在水面覆盖聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板的方法以便减少水面蒸发。研究表明:5-11月份水面平均蒸发消减率可达51.25%。这为干旱区水资源高效利用提供了理论依据。

According to measured data of Φ20cmevaporator, E601 evaporator and 20m2 evaporation pool in the key test station of modern water-saving irrigation Corps ,the paper analyzed the evaporation charac-teristics between evaporation pools and the variation rule of conversion coefficients of the year .The conver-sion coefficient of water surface evaporation presents the increase trend month by month in period of non glacial .Through the correlation analysis to each evaporator evaporation ,it got the result that the correla-tion coefficient of 20m2 -E601 evaporator is 0.996 and that of 20m2 -Φ20cm is 0.978.The relativity of both evaporators is significant .The results can provide reference for water balance research ,water resources evaluation and the calculation of ecological water requirement in Manas river basin .Meanwhile , aimed at the little precipitation but large evaporation in arid region of northwest China ,the test took the method of covering polystyrene foam board on the surface of water so as to reduce water evaporation .The result shows that the reducing rate of average water surface evaporation from May to November is up to 51 .25%.The research can provide the theory basis for efficient utilization of water resources in arid areas .