分布式水文模型在不同地形条件下的应用研究

Application of distributed hydrological model under different terrain conditions

本文旨在开发不同地形及水文地质条件下的具有结构上通用性和核心模块具有易调节性功能的分布式水文模型。基于GIS利用运动波理论基础方程式,结合不同流域的地形(水文地质条件),分别构建了黄土高原北部沟壑区的六道沟流域、位于平原区流经内蒙古东部和黑龙江西部的阿伦河流域,以及山地流域-Bukoro河流域(日本)的分布式水文模型,并利用对观测流量的数值模拟分别检验模型在各流域的实用性。结果表明:针对不同地形条件构建的分布式水文模型在对流域降雨-径流过程的模拟,取得了较好的效果,模拟精度在误差判断基准允许的范围之内(误差<0.03),分析了在不同地形条件下构建分布式水文模型时模型结构上的通用性和核心模块的易调节性。本成果可以为不同地形的流域构建分布式水文模型提供参考和借鉴。

The objective of this study is to develop a distributed hydrology model which has structural commonality and adjustable core module for different topographical and hydro-geological conditions. Based on the GIS and basic equations of kinematic wave theory,and combine with different topographical and hydro-geological conditions of each basin.The paper set up the distributed hydrology model for the Liudaogou basin which is located at hilly-gully region of the northern Loess Plateau, the Alunhe Basin which flows through the eastern Inner Mongolia and western Heilongjiang Province, and Bukuro River Ba-sin (in Japan), respectively.The practicability of model was validated through numerical simulation of the observed flow-discharge for each basin.The results indicated that the preferable simulation results for rainfall-runoff process was achieved under different topographical and hydro-geological conditions of each basin.The calculation accuracy is at the allowable range by error criterion (error<0.03).The structural commonality and adjustability of core module of the model for model application at different topographical and hydro-geological conditions was also analyzed.The results can provide reference for the construction of distributed hydrology model at different topographical and hydro-geological conditions.