近年来青海省黄河流域泥沙变化趋势及成因分析

Analysis on trend and reason of sediment change in the Yellow river basin of Qinghai in recent years

依据青海省黄河流域1956-2012年57年实测泥沙资料,采用Kendall秩次检验法、Spearman秩次检验法、线性趋势回归检验法进行泥沙变化趋势检验分析。结果表明:除黄河上游玛曲、唐乃亥站泥沙没有明显增减趋势外,其他各站含沙量、输沙量均呈明显减小趋势,总体上河流泥沙从20世纪80年代至2012年呈明显减小趋势。其泥沙变化的突变年份黄河干流主要出现在1987年、2000年、2005年,湟水出现在1980年、2002年,突变年份河流含沙量、输沙量呈跳跃式减小,近期2000-2012年含沙量、输沙量最小。分析其泥沙减小的原因,水库拦沙对黄河干流来沙量减小起主导作用。水土保持、退耕还林还草等工程实施,以及流域天然来水量增加,使流域生态植被覆盖条件好转,对流域来沙量减小起了重要作用。

According to the measured sediment data of the Yellow River in Qinghai in 1956-2012 , the paper used adopted Mann -Kendall, Spearman, linear trend regression of testing method to analyze sedi-ment change tendency .The results showed that in addition to that there was no obvious trend of increase and decrease of sediment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Maqu , Tangnaihai , the sediment concentration , sediment volume at other stations showed a significant decreasing trend .The sediment showed a significant decrease trend from 1980 s to 2012 .The mutation year points of sediment change in the Yellow River occurred mainly in 1987 , 2000 , 2005 .That of Huangshui appeared in 1980 and 2002 . The river sediment concentration , sediment discharge in mutation years decreases with leaping .The river sediment concentration and load is a minimum in 2000 and 2012 .The analysis of reasons of sediment de-crease showed that reservoir storage plays a dominant role in reducing the amount of sediment of Yellow River.The improvement of vegetation cover conditions because of implemented projection of soil and wa -ter conservation, grain-for-green, as well as increase of natural runoff plays an important role for the decrease of sediment in the basin .