基于SWAT模型的枣阳市滚河流域非点源污染模拟与控制研究

Simulation and control of non-point source pollution based on SWAT model in Gun River Basin of Zaoyang City

枣阳市滚河流域畜禽养殖污粪和生活污水散乱排放,非点源污染严重,琚湾控制断面水质严重超标。基于实测水文水质数据,通过污染源计算和水质现状评价确定了流域水环境问题,以SWAT模型为基础,构建了枣阳滚河流域非点源污染模型,并对其进行参数率定与模型验证,模拟了2013-2015年流域COD和NH3—N负荷以及琚湾断面的水质变化情况。结果表明:2015年枣阳市COD和NH3—N负荷分别为49842. 92和6681. 08 t,研究区以非点源污染负荷为主,其中,畜禽养殖污染所占比例最大,COD和NH3—N对流域总负荷的贡献率为45. 62%和35. 68%,城镇和农村生活污水其次,种植业污染负荷较低。为此,提出了以非点源污染控制为主的流域水体污染物排放总量控制措施和负荷削减方案,并对各削减方案实施效果进行了模拟。

The manure and domestic sewage of livestock and poultry breeding in the Gun river basin of Zaoyang City are scattered and discharged,and the non-point source pollution are serious.The water quality of the Juwan Control Section was seriously polluted.Using the measured hydrological and water quality data,the water environmental problems of the basin were determined by the calculation of pollution source and water quality status.Based on SWAT model,the non-point source pollution model was constructed,and its parameters were calibrated and validated.The COD and NH3—N loads of the basin and the water qualitative change of the Juwan section were simulated in 2013-2015.The results showed that the COD and NH3—N loads of Zaoyang City in 2015 were 49842.92 t and 6681.08 t,respectively.The study area was dominated by non-point source pollution loads,of which livestock and poultry farming accounted for the largest proportion.The contribution rate of total watershed load was 45.62%and35.68%,for COD and NH3—N,respectively,followed by urban and rural domestic sewage,and the pollution load of planting industry is low.Therefore,the total amount control measures and load reduction schemes of pollutant discharge in river basins,which were mainly controlled by non-point source pollution,were put forward,and the implementation effects of these schemes were simulated.