不同节水措施下马铃薯灌溉制度及其产量的研究

Effect of different irrigating treatments on yield of potato

本文通过设置6种不同的节水灌溉措施,沙地正常灌溉(T1)、喷灌(T2)、滴灌(T3)、复配土(T4)、复配土+喷灌(T5)、复配土+滴灌(T6),结合马铃薯不同时期需水量的特点,研究不同灌溉方式以及灌溉制度对马铃薯产量的影响,以期找到可以在陕北榆林大面积推广的节水灌溉措施。研究结果表明,相对于T1的灌水定额,T2和T3分别节水30.0%和34.9%;在T4处理下,已经达到滴灌措施下的节水效果;T5和T6措施下分别比T1的灌水定额减少了55.6%和58.2%。水资源供需平衡中,T1措施下,该地区灌溉期水资源平衡差为负值,而在喷灌、滴灌、复配土、复配土+喷灌、复配土+滴灌措施下,供需平衡差都变为正值,T2、T3、T4、T5和T6处理下水资源平衡差分别达到了667、807、807、1 349和1 419×10~4 m^3·a^(-1)·ha^(-1)。从产量来看,T6和T5处理下的马铃薯产量比T1分别高出26 625kg和21 750kg,增产了98.6%和80.6%。复配土+喷灌和复配土+滴灌这两种综合节水灌溉措施是可以在榆林地区大面积推广的。

Effect of different irrigating treatments on yield of potato was studied,to find a possible way to be spread in the north of Shaanxi province.Six different water-saving irrigation treatments were set,sand normal irrigation(T1),sprinkler irrigation(T2),drip irrigation(T3),compounded soil with feldspathic sandstone and sandy soil(T4),compounded soil with feldspathic sandstone and sandy soil+sprinkler irrigation(T5),compounded soil with feldspathic sandstone and sandy soil+drip irrigation(T6)were included.Data presented that T2 and T3could save water 30.0%and 34.9%compared to T1.T4 showed up the same water-saving effect as T3.T5 and T6could save water 55.6%and 58.2% compared to T1.The supply and demand balance of water resources during irrigation period were analyzed and we founded that the number under T1 was negative,the numbers under T2,T3,T4,T5 and T6were 667,807,807,1 349 and 1 419×10~4 m^3·a^(-1) respectively,all positive.The yield of potato under different irrigating treatments were analyzed,T6 increased the yield of potato by 26 625kg(98.6%)compared toT1.T5 increased by 21 750kg(80.6%)compared toT1.It can be concluded thatT5 and T6irrigatingtreatments could be widely used in the north of Shaanxi province.