滴灌条件下施用氮磷钾对陕北山地梨枣生长和产量的影响

Effects of fertilization on jujube growth and yield under drip irrigation in mountainous region of Loess Hilly in north Shaanxi

通过田间试验研究滴灌条件下施肥对陕北丘陵区山地梨枣生长和产量的影响。结果表明,施用氮磷钾肥后,新梢长度、叶面积和叶绿素含量均与不施肥对照(CK)有显著差异(P<0.05)。施用N 363kg·hm^(-2)+P_2O_5450kg·hm^(-2)+K_2O 267kg·hm^(-2)(N_1P_3K_3)的枣树新梢生长量、单叶干重均达到最大,分别为11.93cm和1.67g,较CK分别提高了77.3%和46.5%,差异显著(P<0.05);氮与磷配施能显著提高梨枣叶面积,N 535kg·hm^(-2)+P_2O_5267kg·hm^(-2)(N_2P_2)处理的叶面积达851.67mm^2,是CK的1.51倍;N_1P_3K_3处理促进了梨枣的生殖生长,其坐果率和产量均表现为最优,达到了5.72%和15.73kg·株^(-1),分别较CK提高了3.05%和48.3%,差异显著(P<0.05)。对梨枣产量肥效方程进行主效应分析得出:氮、磷、钾对梨枣产量的影响为钾肥(正效应)>磷肥(正效应)>氮肥(负效应)。说明在陕北黄土丘陵区施用氮磷钾肥可有效促进矮化密植梨枣的生长发育,并提高产量,其中以N_1P_3K_3效果最佳。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N,P and K fertilizer application on growth and yield of pear-jujube in the Loess Plateau.The results showed that compared with the control treatment(CK),the bearing branch,leaf area and chlorophyll contents in different fertilizer treatments were significantly different(P<0 05).The jujube hanging and leaf dry weight in the N363 kg·hm^(-2)+P_2O_5450 kg·hm^(-2)+ K_2O267 kg·hm^(-2)(N_1P_3K_3)treatment were 11.93 cm and 1.67 g,which increased significantly by 77.3% and46.5%,respectively,compared with the CK treatment(P<0.05).The leaf area in the N_2P_2 treatment was 851.67 mm^2,which was 1.51 times larger than the CK treatment.The N_1P_3K_3 treatment promoted the reproductive growth,and the fruit setting rate and yield were the best,which were about 5.72% and 15.73 kg·plant^(-1)(P<0.05)increasing by 3.05% and 48.3%,respectively compared with the CK treatment(P<0.05).The effects of N,P,K fertilizers on jujube yields should be in the order that K(positive effect)>P(positive effect)>N(negative effect).In general,the different fertilization could effectively promote the growth,development and yield of pear-jujube in the Loess Plateau,and the N_1P_3K_3 fertilizer application treatment was the best.