基于水量平衡渭北旱塬苹果滴灌灌溉制度分析

Drip irrigation scheduling for apple trees of Weibei highland based on water balance principle

为了探讨渭北旱塬盛果期苹果不同水文年的灌溉制度,本文以洛川县为代表点,利用该县近56年的月气象资料,基于水量平衡原理,分析了晚熟富士在滴灌模式下各水文年的充分与非充分灌溉制度。结果表明:(1)非充分灌溉与充分灌溉相比,推迟了灌水时间,减少了灌水次数和灌水定额。(2)苹果在不同水文年均应补灌,补灌时间和灌水量主要集中在新梢旺长和果实膨大期。(3)滴灌条件下,渭北旱塬在灌溉频率为25%(湿润年)、50%(平水年)、75%(干旱年)、90%(特旱年)时,充分灌溉的灌溉定额为15、30、60、85mm,非充分灌溉为10、25、55、80mm。基于水量平衡原理得到的苹果充分与非充分灌溉制度,能够为该地区苹果的灌溉管理、水资源合理利用提供依据。

To investigate the irrigation scheduling of different hydrological years for full bearing apple trees of Weibei Highland,both sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation scheduling were analyzed in Fuji under drip irrigation on water balance principle using the 56-year meteorological data of Luochuan.The results show that:(1)compared with sufficient irrigation,non-sufficient irrigation postponed irrigation time with reduced irrigation quota and irrigation times.(2)apple should irrigate in different hydrological years,while irrigation stage and amount was mainly concentrated at new shoot growing and fruit expanding stage.(3)under drip irrigation,irrigation quota in different hydrological years(the frequency of net irrigation water requirement was 25%for rainy years,50%for normal years,75%for dry years and 90%for extreme drought years)for Weibei highland under sufficient irrigation scheduling was 15,30,60,85 mm,respectively,under nonsufficient irrigation scheduling was 10,25,55,80 mm,respectively.The sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation scheduling of apple in Weibei highland,which is obtained based on water balance principle,is helpful for the management of irrigation and the rational utilization of water.