养分平衡法在水稻测土推荐施肥中的应用

Application of soil nutrient balance method on rice fertilization recommended

旨在分析土壤养分丰缺指标和建立目标产量下的推荐施肥量,为韩城项目区合理施用化肥、减少资源浪费和提高经济效益提供参考依据。本文采用土壤养分平衡施肥法,测定了韩城项目区耕作层土壤养分含量,对试验数据进行整理与统计分析,采用陕西省土壤养分分级标准对韩城项目区养分含量水平进行分级,根据作物目标产量下的需肥量与土壤供肥量之差计算了水稻目标产量的施肥量,得出韩城项目区水稻500kg目标产量下所需的单质施肥量为氮(N)20.88~31.60kg·亩^(-1),磷(P_2O_5)8.00~12.00kg·亩^(-1),钾(K_2O)7.56~12.44kg·亩^(-1)。结果表明,本研究建立的养分分级指标计算出的推荐施肥量呈现出增施氮、磷、钾肥的特点,客观地反映了当前土壤养分丰缺状况和区域内肥料投入规律,以简捷、快速、科学合理地指导水稻的施肥与生产。

In order to provide reference for rational application of fertilizer,decreasing resource waste and increasing economic benefit to Loess in the project area of Hancheng,abundance and deficiency index of soil nutrition and fertilization recommendation index were established.Data analysis were based on the laboratory experiments of Loess in the project area of Hancheng.Taking the soil nutrient balance method,the nutrients in the soils of the project area of Hancheng were analyzed.Finally,the fertilization for rice yield was calculated based on the difference of the amount of fertilizer crop yield and soil nutrient supply,the results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer rates(N)were 20.88-31.60 kg·mu^(-1),phosphorus fertilizer rates(P_2O_5)were 8.00-12.00 kg·mu^(-1),and potassium fertilizer rates(K_2O)were 7.56-12.44 kg·mu^(-1) under the 500 kg target yield of rice in Hancheng project area.The fertilization recommendation rate of this research suggested that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates should be increase.It objectively reflected the abundance or deficiency of nutrients and the characteristics of fertilizers input in this study area,in order to guide rice fertilization and production directly,quickly,scientifically and rationally.