摘要
采用田间试验,研究不同起垄覆膜种植方式对冬小麦土壤含水率、叶面积指数、小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,小麦不同生育期不同处理的土壤含水量存在显著差异。在苗期,传统平作的土壤含水量最低;在作物大量需水期的拔节期和抽穗期,起垄覆膜处理能有效促进小麦的生长,提高水分的利用效率。不同处理小麦叶面积指数(LAI)呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在抽穗期达到最大;拔节期以普通地膜处理的LAI最高,为3.78,其次为液体地膜(T3)处理,LAI为3.71,但两者间差异不显著。至抽穗期LAI显著提高,其中T3处理LAI最大,为6.79,较CK提高了15.28%。起垄覆膜处理的小麦穗粒数和千粒重显著高于CK,T3处理的穗粒数及千粒重为24.44粒和41.00g,分别较CK提高了19.3%和5.4%;起垄覆膜具有显著的增产作用,T3处理的产量达4 098.25kg·hm^(-2),较CK提高了29.37%,与CK达到显著差异(P<0.05)。综合分析,起垄覆膜处理显著影响土壤含水量及小麦产量,其中以T3处理的效果最佳。
In this experiment,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different ridge-covered planting patterns on the soil moisture content,leaf area index,wheat yield,and yield components of winter wheat in the gully region of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil water content of wheat treated at different growth stages.In the seedling stage,the traditional flat soil moisture is the lowest.In the jointing stage and heading stage of a large number of crop water requirements,mulching treatment can effectively promote the growth of wheat and increase the efficiency of water use.The leaf area index(LAI)of wheat treated with different treatments showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,reaching the maximum at the heading stage.The LAI at the jointing stage was the highest at jointing stage,which was 3.78,followed by T3.The treatment,the leaf area index was 3.71,but the difference between the two was not significant.At the heading stage,the LAI was significantly increased,with T3 treating LAI being the largest at 6.79,which was15.28% higher than CK.The number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight of ridgemulched film was significantly higher than that of CK treatment.The grain number per panicle and grain weight of T3 treatment were 24.44 and 41.00 g,which were 19.3% and 5.4% higher than those of CK.The yield of T3 treatment was 4 980.25 kg·hm^(-2),which was 29.37% higher than that of CK,which was significantly different from that of CK(P<0.05).Finally,the biomass accumulation reached the crop maturity stage maximum.Based on the comprehensive analysis,the ridging and filming treatment significantly affected the soil moisture content and wheat yield,and the treatment with T3 had the best effect.
