金矿废弃尾渣堆积对小秦岭地区植被分布及种群特征影响研究

Ecological characteristics of soil and plant around the abandoned tailings slag in Tongguan gold mining area

通过野外植被调查,研究了潼关金矿区姚青村废弃尾渣堆周边植物群落的植被分布、物种组成和种群特征,并采用Shannon-Wierner多样性指数、Margale物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数对调查数据进行了处理。结果表明:尾渣堆上无植物分布,堆积区人工乔木及灌木分布较少,相较之下草本较多且分布广泛。草本植物中以禾本科、菊科和豆科物种居多,占到总草本植物的65.0%,其他科属植物分布较少。在各距离条件下,植被的分布较均衡,植被多样性的水平差异不大,各个样地植被群落较为稳定。各样方中物种的个体分配均匀程度与样方内物种种类数的多少密切相关,其他指数间则无相关关系。

By investigating the vegetation distribution,species composition and population characteristics of the plant communities,the vegetation cover around the abandoned tailings slag in Yaoqing village,Tongguan gold mining aera were studied.Shannon-wierner diversity index,Margale species richness index,Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index were used to process the survey data.The results showed that there was no plant distribution on the tailings slag heap,and the distribution of macrophanerophytes and shrubs in the accumulation area were less,and the herbs coverage were more numerous and widely.Gramineae,compositae and leguminous species were majority,accounting for 65.0%of the total herbaceous plants.Under the conditions of different distances,the vegetation distribution and plant communities were relatively stable,and the vegetation diversity level had little difference.The evenness of individual species distribution in each sample quadrant was closely related to the number of species,while the other indices were uncorrelated.