陕南丘陵区新增耕地质量及提升对策研究

Study on quality and improvement countermeasures of newly cultivated land in hilly area of southern Shaanxi

耕地占补平衡是保证耕地资源及我国粮食安全的重要举措,土地整治是补充耕地的主要措施,是实现耕地占补平衡的重要保障。本文选择陕南商洛山地丘陵区新增耕地整治项目区为研究对象,选取典型整治项目区田块,对整治后其土壤养分质量进行研究。研究结果表明:项目区经土地整治后的新增耕地有效磷的含量处于13.17~27.17 mg·kg-1之间;速效钾的含量处于102~110 mg·kg-1之间;有机质的含量处于5.37~8.85 g·kg-1之间;全氮的含量处于0.34~0.57 g·kg-1之间。项目区除巡检镇大河村与永丰镇刘沟村全氮含量未达到标准要求外,其余新增耕地养分指标均符合标准。为改善新增耕地氮养分不足的情况,较传统的施加氮肥,增施有机肥是保障土壤氮素可持续提升的有效措施。

Achieving the balance of newly cultivated land is an important measure for ensuring China’s food security,land remediation is the main measure to supplement newly cultivated land,and it is an important guarantee for realizing the balance of newly cultivated land.This paper selects the newly cultivated land improvement project area in Shangluo mountainous and hilly area of southern Shaanxi as the research object,selects the typical fields in remediation project area and studies the soil nutrient quality after remediation.The results showed that the content of available phosphorus in newly cultivated land after the land remediation in the project area was between 13.17~27.17 mg·kg-1;the content of available potassium was between 102~110 mg·kg-1;the content of organic matter was between 5.37~8.85 g·kg-1;the content of total nitrogen was between 0.34 g·kg-1 and 0.57 g·kg-1.In addition to the content of nitrogen in Dahe village,Xunjian Town and Liugou village,Yongfeng Town,the project’s additional nutrient indicators for newly cultivated land are in line with the standard.In order to improve the shortage of nitrogen nutrients in newly cultivated land,traditional nitrogen fertilizer application and the application of organic fertilizer are sustainable and effective measures to increase the content of nitrogen in soil.