玉米花粉植株的生育特性及其栽培管理

THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND CULTURE METHODS OF POLLEN-DERIVED PLANTS IN MAIZE

玉米花粉植株的育成,为单倍体育种提供了可能。但移栽成活率低,结实株数少,影响了在育种实践中的应用。我们研究了花粉植株的生理特性,并通过调节激素,改善相应的栽培管理措施,创造最适的生育条件培育壮苗,结果移栽成活率大幅度提高。在生育期间保持18～32℃,增加光照时间和强度,结实株数有了明显的增加。

The achievement on the development of plants derived from maizehybrids provides possibility for utilizing haploids in maize breeding.Atpresent it can hardly be applied in reeding because of the difficulty inobtaining enough number of vigorous fertile plants after transplanting.Ina preliminary study of the physiological characteristics of the pollen plan-ts,we have found that they had only small and thin leaves with lowassimilating rate anda few and slender roots with weak activity.The fol-lowing means were.taken in the experiment in order to increase the per-centage of survival and fertile plants.white′s medium was used to developvigorous pollen plants.The roots of seedlings were submerged in the so-lution of IBA or NAA (50 100ppm) for 30 minutes,then the plant wastransplanted into the soil containing fully fermented horse manure whichamounted to one-third of the total.After transplanting,the pollen plantwas covered with glass chimney to keep moist for 3～5 days.Underillumination of 20,0001ux,the leaves were sprayed with the solution of6-AB (0.1～0.5ppm).During growing period the temperature was main-tained at 18～32℃ and supplementary light above 29,000 lux was appliedto maintain a day-length of 11—14 hours.As a result,the percentage ofsurvivol pollen plants was raised,to 61.8—81,3%,and that of fertileplants was raised to 46.5%.There (?)igures were very significant.