黄淮大豆主产区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布调查

Race Distribution of Soybean Cyst Nematode in the Main Soybean Producing Area of Huang-Huai Rivers Valley

大豆胞囊线虫病(SCN)在黄淮地区普遍发生,调查病原小种分布情况,确定优势小种对抗病育种有重要意义。2012—2015年,取样调查黄淮地区6个省份土样,利用Riggs模式鉴定生理小种,绘制黄淮地区SCN生理小种分布图,并与文献报道结果对比,探讨黄淮地区SCN生理小种类型及其分布规律。结果表明,该病害在黄淮大豆主产区均有分布,在采集受SCN感染的322份土样中,112份被鉴定出生理小种类型,包括1号、2号、3号、4号、5号、6号和11号小种。其中,57份为2号小种,占样本总体的50.9%;26份土样为5号小种,占23.2%;11份土样为4号小种,占9.8%,1号、3号、6号和11号小种分别占总体的4.5%、5.4%、4.5%和1.8%。依据不同生理小种在各省发生频率由高到低的顺序,河南分布5号、2号、3号、11号小种;河北分布2号、5号、6号、3号、4号小种;安徽分布2号、5号、6号、3号小种;山西分布2号、4号、5号、1号、3号、11号小种;山东分布2号、3号、5号、1号、6号小种;江苏分布2号、5号、1号小种。以上结果表明,2号小种是目前黄淮地区的优势小种,其次是5号小种,致病力最强的4号小种主要分布在山西省。在黄淮地区,抗线虫育种目标应以抗2号生理小种为主,兼抗5号小种,部分地区应以兼抗2号和4号小种为主。在黄淮地区3号、6号和11号小种是新发现的小种。与2001—2003年调查结果比较,黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种组成及分布有一定的改变。

Soybean cyst nematode(SCN) disease, caused by Heterodera glycines, occurs widely in the Huang-Huai Rivers Valley.Resistant cultivar is the most important solution to ocntrol this disease and reduce yield loss. Knowledge of SCN race distribution in soybean producing area is basis for SCN resistant breeding. A four-year survey from 2012 to 2015 was carried out to understand the diversity and distribution of Heterodera glycines races in the Huang-Huai Rivers Valley. A distribution map of races was constructed based on Riggs model. A total of 322 soil samples with SCN infection were collected. Seven H. glycines races were identified in 112(34.8%) samples from six provinces, including five races described previously. Race 2 was the leading race, accounting for 50.9% in the 112 soil samples; race 5 was next to race 2 with the ratio of 23.2%; and the remaining types were races 4, 3, 1, 6, and 11, accounting for 9.8%, 5.4%, 4.5%, 4.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. The distribution of races varied greatly among the six provinces. According to frequencies from high to low, they were races 5, 2, 3, and 11 in Henan, races 2, 5, 6, 3, and 4 in Hebei, races 2, 5, 6, and 3 in Anhui, races 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, and 11 in Shanxi, races 2, 3, 5, 1, and 6 in Shandong, and races 2, 5, and 1 in Jiangsu. These results indicate that race 2 is the predominant race in the Huang-Huai Rivers Valley, followed by race 5, and the most virulent race 4 is centered in Shanxi province. Therefore, the SCN resistant breeding in this region should be mainly targeted towards race 2 with consideration of race 5 simultaneously, and race 4 also needs attention in some areas. In this study, races 3, 6, and 11 were newly detected in the Huang-Huai Rivers Valley. We also found that the race components and their distributions varied compared to the survey conducted in the same region in 2001–2003.