神经元细胞器和囊泡运输

Organellar and Vesicular Transport in Neurons

神经元是高度极化的细胞,典型的神经元由胞体、轴突及树突构成。神经元的胞体和神经末梢之间的物质和信息传递以及神经元之间的通讯都依赖于胞内的细胞器和囊泡运输。神经元中的运输系统对于神经元形态和功能的建成和维持以及突触的功能和可塑性至关重要。胞内运输的调控机制是细胞神经生物学领域的重大科学问题。该文重点总结了近年来关于神经元内细胞器和囊泡运输的研究进展,并对神经活性依赖的运输调控机制进行了初步探讨。此外,该文还简要介绍了神经元胞内运输与人类疾病之间的关系。

Neurons are highly polarized cells.A typical neuron is compartmentalized into an axon,several dendrites and cell body or soma.Intracellular transport is essential for the establishment and maintenance of the structural and functional polarity as well as synaptic transmission and plasticity.How the transport machinery is regulated to accommodate the needs of neuronal cells is a fundamental question in the field of neuronal cell biology.This review focuses on molecular motor-driven organellar and vesicular transport in neurons,and regulatory mechanisms for neural activity-dependent transport in axon and dendrites.I also briefly discuss the involvement of vesicular transport in neurological diseases.