单细胞技术在干细胞组织修复与药物研发中的应用

The Application of Single Cell Technologies in Stem Cell Tissue Repair and Drug Development

近十几年来,单细胞技术飞速发展,突破了传统疾病只能对细胞群体进行研究的局限,将分辨率精确到单个细胞,解决了细胞异质性以及生物材料的低获取量等问题。该综述侧重介绍单细胞技术的方法学进展,并且详细阐述了其在干细胞组织修复药物研发中的最新进展,有助于读者了解如何利用单细胞技术寻找组织修复和相关疾病发生、发展中的特定干细胞群落和研究相关生理病理机制,并针对相关疾病建立二维(two-dimensional, 2D)和三维(three-dimensional, 3D)的体外新药筛选模型,从而进行高通量药物筛选。

The rapid advancement of single cell technologies in recent years break the limit of traditional biomedical research from studying mixed cell population to a single-cell level,thus solving problems such as cellular heterogeneity and low access to rare biological materials.In this review,we provide an overview of recent progresses within key single-cell technologies,and focus on their applications in stem cell research and regeneration medicine.We present current developments within these areas and critically discuss how to use singlecell approaches to look for specific stem-cell subpopulation in tissue repair and disease,and to investigate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.Finally we highlight high-throughput screening methods to identify disease-specific and cell-specific drugs using single-cell based two-dimensional and three-dimensional in vitro model systems.