微管蛋白亚型及其功能

Tubulin Isotype and Its Function

微管是真核细胞构成细胞骨架的主要成分,由α/β微管蛋白组装而成。微管在细胞多种活动中发挥着重要的作用,其功能主要受微管结合蛋白、微管蛋白的翻译后修饰以及微管蛋白亚型的调控。已有研究发现,α/β微管蛋白存在多种亚型,微管蛋白亚型在不同组织以及发育过程中的表达模式差异较大。多种微管蛋白亚型基因的突变可以引起神经系统疾病。该文综述了微管蛋白亚型的研究进展,尤其在微管功能调控、神经系统发育及其相关疾病中的作用。

Microtubules are the main cytoskeleton in almost all eukaryotic cells and composed ofα/βtubulin.They play critical roles in various cellular processes.The functions of microtubules are regulated by microtubule-interacting proteins,tubulin post-translational modifications and tubulin isotypes.Previous studies have reported several isotypes ofα/β-tubulin.The expression patterns of tubulin isotypes vary widely among different tissues and during development stages.Mutations in a variety of tubulin isotypes are able to cause nervous system diseases.Here,we review the research progress on tubulin isotypes,especially their roles in the regulation of microtubule function,the development of nervous system and related diseases.