核移植技术的建立与发展

The Establishment and Development of Nuclear Transfer

核移植技术是指通过显微操作技术将供体细胞核转移到去核卵母细胞,进而获得重构胚胎的过程。从上世纪50年代开始到现在,核移植技术得到了广泛的发展和深入的研究,并在生命科学的多个领域发挥重要的作用。核移植技术的建立与发展可分为两个阶段:起始阶段开始于卵体积较大的两栖动物。这一阶段核移植技术主要用来研究细胞核的功能及与胞质之间相互作用。其后核移植技术在哺乳动物中的应用促进了该技术的更深入发展。相对于两栖动物,核移植技术在哺乳动物中的研究和应用也呈现更加深入、多元的特点。主要包括:不同哺乳动物物种及不同供体细胞类型的克隆研究;显微操作技术的发展和完善;重编程机制的研究及核移植效率的提高;核移植在濒危物种保护、个性化干细胞治疗及遗传修饰动物模型构建方面的应用等。该文将就这两个阶段核移植技术的发展历程进行综述并对其在非人灵长类动物模型构建中的应用进行展望。

Nuclear transfer is a technique used to obtain clone embryos or individuals,in detail,people apply micromanipulation skills to transfer donor nuclei into enucleated oocytes,then the reconstructed embryos undergo either in vivo or in vitro culture.From 1950’s to the present,nuclear transfer technology has been widely and deeply developed,and play a significant role in the fields of life science.The establishment and development of nuclear transfer technology can be divided into two stages:initial stage started in the eggs of amphibians.In this period,nuclear transfer technique was firstly used to study the function of nucleus and its interaction with cytoplasm.This technique was further improved later in mammals.Compare with amphibians,the application of nuclear transfer technique in mammals is more intensive and extensive,and this mainly includes:clone of different mammalian species,clone with multiple types of cells,micromanipulation method and procedure improvement,reprogramming mechanism research and efficiency improvement of nuclear transfer,endangered species protection,personal stem cell therapy and gene-modified model generation.In this review we will discuss the development of nuclear transfer technology in the two stages and give a future prospect about the application of the technology in non-human primate model generation.