科学要素在山羊产业化中的应用

Science Essential Factors Use in the Goats Estate

饲养山羊较多的国家是中国,我国有山羊1.65416亿只,占全国羊只总数的50.5％,其中土种山羊占60％。山羊具有耐热、耐湿,不耐寒,对湿冷并存环境适应力差的特点,在北方饲养较少,在南方饲养较多。羊舍一般采用“吊脚式”。山羊放牧运动在夏秋季不少于7-9h,冬春季不少于4-6h。蛋白质、维生素、无机盐、微量无素应按比例适量分阶段科学供给。母山羊在12-18月龄时可进行初次配种,怀孕期为150d左右,繁殖率较好的可利用到7-8岁;公山羊在8-12月龄开始采精或配种,使用年限为7年。常用试情公羊外部观察母羊法判断母羊是否发情,其准确率高达95％。公羊每周采精2d,每天采精2-3次。发情母羊在子宫颈内0.5-1.5cm深处输精,然后让母羊后躯抬高静置3-5min放下,待休息30min后再放牧。做好常规疫病的预防,按时驱虫、药浴、修蹄.严防疾病发生。

the goats are raised more than in China over the world, there are 1.65416 hundreds of millions of the goats in China, it is 50. 5% of the sheep and goats in China, among them the local goats are 60% of all the goats in China. The goats have heat-resisting, damp-resisting, not cold-resistant, but the adaptability is very wrong in the damp and cold surroundings, it is raised less than in the north and more than in the south. The goats' houses are usually made like the houses projecting over the water. The goats are grazed and moved that it is at least 7 - 9h every day in summer and autumn and 4 - 6h in winter and spring. It has been proportion and appropriate and phase and scientific for the protein, vitamin, inorganic salts, trace elements are supplied. The does the first may be bred in12 - 18 months, the time with pregnancy is about 150d,the good fertility may use to 7 - 8 years; the Billy goats begin be collected semen or mated in 8 - 12 months, the service life of use 7 years. Usually teaser goats watch the does' external come to judge the does as if is in heat, the exact degree reach 95 % . The Billy goats are collected semen for 2d 1 week, it is collected semen 2 - 3 times Id. The does is in heat that is put the semen about 0. 5 - 1. 5cm deep in the cervix, then lift the does' back feet and let it stop 3 - 5min until put down, again it is grazed behind have 30min's rest. Usually it must be good to the disease' s prevention, on time drive out the insects, the pelt turn damp with the water that medicine, repair the hoof, it is prevented taking place to the disease.