如何解释“启蒙”——多维度的解释学探析

The Interpretation of Enlightenment: The Original Problem of Hermeneutics

启蒙运动是对如何运用人类理性的一系列反思的过程。康德对启蒙的认识是一种基于历史反思的概念性认识,认为启蒙的关键在于如何启发民众去自主运用理性,只要允许民众自由,自主运用理性似乎就是不可避免的;黑格尔通过对启蒙的进一步反思,认为启蒙并非仅是对自由的某种想象或者某种形式上的规定,而且也是现实运动的必然结果,关键是要弄清楚现实运动的内在逻辑,但他把现实的运动等同于自我意识的运动,致使启蒙虽然某种程度上超越了概念的规定,却又陷入自我意识的逻辑支配中。马克思站在实际生产的角度,通过揭示物质的生产关系,彻底清算了自康德到黑格尔的"启蒙幻觉",从而实现了对启蒙认识的整体超越。

The Enlightenment is a series of reflections on how to use human reason. Kant's understanding of enlightenment is a kind of conceptual understanding based on historical reflection. He believes that the key to enlightenment is how to inspire people to use reason rationally and it seems inevitable as long as people are allowed to use their own rationality. Hegel,through further reflection,thought enlightenment is not just some kind of imagination on freedom or some kind of provisions but the inevitable result of the real movement. He believes that the key is to figure out the internal logic of the movement,but he equates the real movement to the movement of self consciousness,so that the Enlightenment falls into the logic control of self consciousness,though to some extent beyond the provisions of the concept. Marx,from the point of view of actual production,thoroughly cleansed the Enlightenment Illusion from Kant to Hegel by revealing the relations of material production,thus realizing the overall transcendence of the enlightenment.